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Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary glomerular nephritis caused by mutation in one of the type IV collagen genes α3/α4/α5 that encode the heterotrimer COL4A3/4/5. Failure to form a heterotrimer due to mutation leads to the dysfunction of the glomerular basement membrane, and end-stage renal disease. Previous reports have suggested the involvement of the receptor tyrosine kinase discoidin domain receptor (DDR) 1 in the progression of AS pathology. However, due to the similarity between DDR1 and DDR2, the role of DDR2 in AS pathology is unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of DDR2 in AS using the X-linked AS mouse model. Mice were treated subcutaneously with saline or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO; 5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg per week) for 8 weeks. Renal function parameters and renal histology were analyzed, and the gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines were determined in renal tissues. The expression level of DDR2 was highly elevated in kidney tissues of AS mice. Knockdown of Ddr2 using Ddr2-specific ASO decreased the Ddr2 expression. However, the DDR2 ASO treatment did not improve the proteinuria or decrease the BUN level. DDR2 ASO also did not significantly ameliorate the renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis in AS mice. These results showed that Ddr2 knockdown by ASO had no notable effect on the progression of AS indicating that DDR2 may not be critically involved in AS pathology. This finding may provide useful information and further understanding of the role of DDRs in AS.Aim Comorbid psychopathology refers to having a diagnosis of two or more co-occurring psychological disorders. The current study investigated the differences between children and adolescents with no-mild, moderate and severe comorbid psychopathology in children and adolescents with ASD.Method Parents of 133 children completed the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Comorbid for Children, Behavior Problems Inventory-Short Form, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Social Communication Questionnaire, Short Sensory Profile, and Behavioral/Educational Interventions and Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) Interventions of the Autism Treatment Network Registry Parent Baseline Assessment.Results A significant difference was found between severity of comorbid psychopathology and all types of challenging behavior and all sensory issues except movement. A small effect size was also found between comorbid psychopathology and quality of life.Conclusion The findings from this study show significant difficulties associated with those with comorbid psychopathology in ASD in challenging behavior, sensory issues and quality of life.Introduction Chronic low back pain (LBP) is common, and some patients require opiates therapy. This Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) analyzed available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the use of opioids for LBP.Methods All RCTs comparing two or more opioids for chronic LBP and reporting results under the Numeric Rating Scale were included. The following drugs were analyzed fentanyl, morphine, tapentadol, oxycodone, buprenorphine, oxymorphone, tramadol. The NMA was performed through the STATA routine for Bayesian hierarchical random-effects model analysis, with standardized mean difference (SMD) effect measure. Data regarding the rate of adverse events and different drug formulations were also reported.Results Data from 2933 patients were obtained, with a mean age of 53.30 ± 6.95 years. The mean duration of symptoms prior to beginning the trial was 95.16 ± 47.29 months. The mean follow-up was 3.29 ± 1.72 months. Among the analyzed compounds, oxymorphone, tapentadol and fentanyl showed the highest efficacy in terms of pain reduction.Conclusion According to published level I evidence, oxymorphone, tapentadol and fentanyl were the most effective drugs in the treatment of chronic LBP. However, different formulation and pharmacokinetic characteristics need to be taken into consideration when choosing the ideal compound for a given patient.Introduction A systematic review was performed to assess the prognostic value of Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) during treatment, for relapse and overall survival in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Areas covered A systematic search of available literature was performed to identify original full-text articles concerning MRD as prognostic for relapse and survival in pediatric AML. Thirteen studies were included, and in all studies, MRD positivity during treatment was associated with worse clinical outcome. SB415286 mw MRD positivity was significantly associated with a higher probability of relapse in eleven studies. However, MRD negativity does not exclude the possibility of relapse in pediatric AML, while positivity early during therapy does not exclude cure.Expert opinion MRD positivity during treatment has emerged as the most powerful prognostic factor in pediatric AML concerning relapse and overall survival and is useful for risk-group adapted treatment. Future studies should identify the optimal time-point(s) for MRD measurements and the optimal technique, to further improve its prognostic significance.

There is a high prevalence of substance use disorders, especially among men, in Iran and is associated with a high burden on families. We aimed to systematically review the association between illicit drug use and spouse and child abuse in Iran.

Comprehensive terms were used to search three international databases (ISI, Medline, and Scopus) and a national database of Scientific Information Database up to September 2019. The retrieved citations were screened based on the eligibility criteria and then data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed by two independent investigators. Data were analyzed using random-effects model to estimate pooled odds ratios (

s) and the heterogeneity of studies.

The search yielded 18 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Illicit substance use in husbands was associated with increased odds of current violence (

= 3.50; 95% CI [2.09, 5.86]), current physical violence (

= 5.41; 95% CI [3.50, 8.35]), current psychological violence (

= 6.20; 95% CI [3.74, 10.