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In each pathway, individual experiences with vaping nicotine appeared to play an important role and appeared to be related to psychological and social factors. A social context supportive of vaping was important for the maintainers, as was a belief in the need to overcome nicotine addiction for the abstainers, and dislike of the ‘vaping culture’ expressed by some in the relapser group. Dual-users held beliefs such as a need for cigarettes at time of acute stress that affirmed dependence on tobacco.

In a sample of UK e-cigarette users who report having used e-cigarettes to quit smoking, a social context that supports continued vaping was perceived to be helpful in preventing relapse to smoking.

In a sample of UK e-cigarette users who report having used e-cigarettes to quit smoking, a social context that supports continued vaping was perceived to be helpful in preventing relapse to smoking.

To elucidate the synergies between fundamental care and seminal nursing theories.

Nursing theories are often criticised for their limited clinical relevance, with the existence of a theory-to-practice gap widely acknowledged. Pervasive examples of poor-quality care, particularly for people’s most fundamental needs, raise questions as to whether nursing theories sufficiently prioritise fundamental care. The Fundamentals of Care Framework (hereinafter “the Framework”) represents a valid, comprehensive and evidence-based description of fundamental care. The Framework captures the complexity and multidimensionality of fundamental care delivery, predicated on the nurse-patient relationship; integration of physical, psychosocial and relational needs; and a supportive context. Despite strong face validity, the Framework’s alignment with seminal nursing theories remains unexplored.

Narrative review.

Twenty-nine seminal nursing theories were included. Categories for analysis were developed inductively and deduovide suggestions for how future nursing theories can bridge this gap.

Bridging the theory-to-practice gap requires a nursing discourse that is relevant at the point of care. We provide suggestions for how future nursing theories can bridge this gap.

Caregiving does not have to be a totally negative experience for the husband caregivers of breast cancer survivors (BCS). There are growing interests in exploring the positive psychological changes (aka posttraumatic growth; PTG) among husbands of BCS. Western studies have shown that coping resources, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies are associated with PTG among caregivers of BCS. find more Studies in the Chinese context are limited. This study examined the psychosocial correlates of PTG among husbands of Chinese BCS.

Husbands of Chinese BCS (N = 176) were recruited from two hospitals in Weifang, China to complete a cross-sectional survey. Their levels of caregiving burden, marital satisfaction, cognitive appraisals, coping strategies, and PTG were measured.

After controlling for covariates, hierarchical regression results indicated that higher caregiving burden (β = .29), marital satisfaction (β = .27), challenge appraisal (β = 016), and social support seeking (β = .23) were associated with higher PTG intervention strategies to facilitate their PTG. Among husbands having higher caregiving burden, positive reframing may also facilitate their PTG.Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite films are prepared using two different routes. The first route involves preparation of PnBMA nanoparticles containing homogeneously dispersed rGO nanosheets by miniemulsion polymerization using a block copolymer of ionic liquid (IL) monomer and nBMA. The IL units act as adsorption sites for rGO whereas BMA units provide solubility in the BMA monomer droplets. Nanocomposite films obtained from miniemulsion polymerization exhibit higher tensile modulus in comparison with the films prepared by mixing a PnBMA emulsion and aqueous graphene oxide (GO) dispersion. The second route involves preparation of PnBMA particles armored with rGO nanosheets via miniemulsion polymerization using the same poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) block copolymer. An anionic exchange reaction is conducted to obtain more hydrophilic PIL units in the block copolymer, thus providing adsorption sites of GO nanosheets at the interface of the polymer particles. Subsequent chemical reduction of GO to rGO using hydrazine monohydrate results in formation of a PnBMA/rGO nanocomposite. The resulting nanocomposite film exhibits electrical conductivity (2.0 × 10-3 S m-1).Mate choice in plants is poorly understood, in particular its indirect genetic benefits, but also the direct benefits of avoiding harmful matings. In the herb Collinsia heterophylla, delayed stigma receptivity has been suggested to enhance pollen competition, potentially functioning as a female mate choice trait. Previous studies show that this trait can mitigate the cost of early fertilization caused by pollen, thus providing a direct benefit. We performed two-donor pollinations during successive floral stages to assess how this stigma receptivity trait and two pollen traits known to affect siring success influence indirect benefits in terms of offspring performance. We also investigated differential resource allocation by studying the influence of sibling performance in the same capsule. Offspring performance in terms of flower number was mainly affected by parental identities and differential resource allocation. Offspring seed production showed some influence of resource allocation, but was also affected by pollen donor identity and varied positively with late stigma receptivity. However, the effect of late stigma receptivity on offspring seed production was weakened in matings with pollen that advanced stigma receptivity. In conclusion, delayed stigma receptivity may be selected through both direct and indirect fitness effects in C. heterophylla, where pollen-based delay on stigma receptivity might act as a cue for mate choice. However, selection may also be counteracted by antagonistic selection on pollen to advance stigma receptivity. Our results highlight the challenges of studying indirect genetic benefits and other factors that influence mate choice in plants.