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Many courses are offered to health care professionals to improve educational scholarship and scholarly teaching. The literature on the effect of such courses on promoting educational scholarship and scholarly teaching is currently suboptimal.

To evaluate scholarly productivity of health care professional learners participating in 2 graduate courses in which curricula and assignments facilitated experiential learning.

A retrospective analysis of course assignments and publications of learners from 2007 to 2014 was conducted. Learners’ current positions were identified through Google Scholar searches, and publication of course work was identified through PubMed or EMBASE author searches. There were 137 learners, with a male to female ratio of 37, consisting of physicians (73%) and other health care professionals (27%). During the 7 years, 50% completed both courses, 42% only the first course, and 8% only the second course. Of the learners whose current positions could be identified, 66% worked at academic centres, 20% at community hospitals or office practices, and 5% were in senior leadership positions. Current positions were unidentifiable through public records for 9% of learners. Sixty-eight percent of learners (93 of 137) published 1050 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Twenty-six percent of learners (35 of 137) published 1 or more articles based on their course assignments, for a total of 49 peer-reviewed articles; 80% of articles were published within 3 years of completing the course.

Experiential learning facilitated by curricular design and assignments coupled with mentorship stimulated scholarly publications. Educational courses should design curricula to promote scholarship in learners and evaluate their effect.

Experiential learning facilitated by curricular design and assignments coupled with mentorship stimulated scholarly publications. Educational courses should design curricula to promote scholarship in learners and evaluate their effect.Question I understand that antibiotic use in children younger than 2 years of age has been associated with the development of asthma. With so many children in early life suffering from middle ear and throat infections, are those children who are treated with antibiotics at higher risk of developing asthma or exacerbating their asthma? Is there a relationship between number of antibiotic courses and risk of asthma?Answer Administration of antibiotics in the first 2 years of life has been shown to be associated with asthma later in life in retrospective and prospective studies. However, study limitations such as protopathic bias, poor data collection methods, and small cohort size prevent clear determination of causality between antibiotics and asthma. The use of antibiotics in young children warrants careful consideration due to antibiotic resistance, adverse effects, and potential association with asthma.

To gather information about antibiotic side effects to be used as a reference and learning resource for prescribing physicians.

A search of websites of various independent national agencies and recent review articles was performed. A summary table of adverse effects for each group of antimicrobials was then created, identifying allergies, short-term harms, and serious harms. The occurrence rate of each was listed when available.

Antimicrobials are necessary to treat various diseases. However, they cause adverse effects, such as allergic reactions, in addition to increased bacterial resistance. There is increasing awareness of the need to detect and evaluate adverse effects associated with medicines. Recently, severe and serious harms have been described for commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, current knowledge of harms from systemic oral antibiotics that are regularly used in family medicine is summarized in this article.

It is difficult to identify and ascribe exact probabilities of most harms. However, all common antimicrobials create harms that must be considered when choosing whether to prescribe. Many adverse effects go unrecognized by prescribers. As side effects are inevitable, antimicrobials must be prescribed for as short a course as possible, only when the probability of benefit is greater than the risk of harm.

It is difficult to identify and ascribe exact probabilities of most harms. However, all common antimicrobials create harms that must be considered when choosing whether to prescribe. Many adverse effects go unrecognized by prescribers. As side effects are inevitable, antimicrobials must be prescribed for as short a course as possible, only when the probability of benefit is greater than the risk of harm.Tumor growth is accompanied with dramatic changes in the cellular glycome, such as the aberrant expression of complex branched N-glycans. However, the role of this protumoral N-glycan in immune evasion and whether its removal contributes to enhancement of immune recognition and to unleashing an antitumor immune response remain elusive. We demonstrated that branched N-glycans are used by colorectal cancer cells to escape immune recognition, instructing the creation of immunosuppressive networks through inhibition of IFNγ. The removal of this “glycan-mask” exposed immunogenic mannose glycans that potentiated immune recognition by DC-SIGN-expressing immune cells, resulting in an effective antitumor immune response. We revealed a glycoimmune checkpoint in colorectal cancer, highlighting the therapeutic efficacy of its deglycosylation to potentiate immune recognition and, thus, improving cancer immunotherapy.P2X7, a crucial sensor of extracellular ATP, is widely distributed in different immune cells as a potent stimulant of inflammation and immunity. P2X7 is also highly expressed in immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and even tumor cells. However, the function and potential applications of P2X7-mediated immunosuppressive responses in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that P2X7 was highly expressed in TAMs and that P2X7 deficiency impaired the “M2-like” polarization of TAMs via downregulation of STAT6 and IRF4 phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro P2X7 deficiency restricted the progression of urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis and Lewis lung cancer by decreasing tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, promoting T-cell mobilization, and reversing M2-like TAM polarization. learn more Thus, deletion or blockade of P2X7 was therapeutic for lung cancer. Furthermore, resistance to both immunotherapy (anti-PD-1 antibody) and chemotherapy (cisplatin) was overcome by coadministration of the P2X7 inhibitors O-ATP, A-438079 hydrochloride, and A-740003.