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herefore, all women with abnormal fetal ultrasound must undergo CMA test for genotype-phenotype correlation. CMA detects known and rare deletion/duplication syndromes and characterizes marker chromosomes. Accumulation of CNV data will form an Indian Repository and also help to resolve the uncertainty of VOUS. Pretest and posttest genetic counseling is essential to convey benefits and limitations of CMA and help the patients to take informed decisions.

To compare between postplacental insertion of levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus copper intrauterine device regarding expulsion rates, patient satisfaction, complications, and continuation rates.

This prospective observational study was conducted on 1100 participants divided in to two groups group (1) CU-IUD group and group (2) LNG-IUS group where women were assigned for postplacental insertion of either CU-IUD or LNG-IUS, respectively. Follow-up at 6weeks, 3 and 6months postpartum and data were collected and analyzed to evaluate outcomes.

No statistical difference between both groups regarding patients’ characteristics, the overall expulsion rate was higher in LNS-IUS group than CU-IUD group; 77 patients (14%) and 50 patients (9%), respectively, (

value < 0.05), odds ratio 1.63 at CI (1.12-2.37). No significant difference between the two groups regarding pain intensity, perforation, abnormal uterine bleeding, and clinical endometritis (

 > 0.05). Overall satisfaction rate at six months was 478(87%) in the CU-IUD group and 472(85.8%) in the LNS-IUS group (

value > 0.05), odds ratio 1.1 at CI (0.78-1.55). Continuation rate at s6 months was comparable between the two groups 485 (88.2%) and 480 (87.3%) in CU-IUD group and LNS-IUS group respectively, (

value < 0.05), odds ratio 1.09 at CI (0.76-1.56).

The rate of expulsion of LNG-IUS is higher than copper IUD when inserted postplacental, yet the continuation and acceptability rates were comparable between the two groups.

The rate of expulsion of LNG-IUS is higher than copper IUD when inserted postplacental, yet the continuation and acceptability rates were comparable between the two groups.

The risk of mortality for the mother and the newborn is aggravated during birth in low- and middle-income countries due to preventable causes, which can be addressed with increased quality of care practices. One such practice is intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring, which is crucial for the early detection of fetal ischemia, but is inadequately monitored in low- and middle-income countries. In India, there is currently a lack of sufficient data on FHR monitoring.

An assessment using facility records, interviews and observation was conducted in seven facilities providing tertiary, secondary or primary level care in aspirational districts of three states. The study sought to investigate the frequency of monitoring, devices used for monitoring and challenges in usage.

FHR was not monitored as per standard protocol. Case sheets revealed 70% of labor was monitored at least once. Only 33% of observed cases were monitored every half hour during active labor, and none were monitored every 5 min during the second stage of labor. More time was observed for monitoring with a Doppler compared with a stethoscope, as providers reported fluctuation in readings. Reportedly, low audibility and a perceived need of expertise were associated with using a stethoscope. High case load and the time required for monitoring were reported as challenges in adhering to standard monitoring protocols.

The introduction of a standardized device and a short refresher training on the World Health Organization and skilled birth attendant protocols for FHR monitoring will improve usage and compliance.

The introduction of a standardized device and a short refresher training on the World Health Organization and skilled birth attendant protocols for FHR monitoring will improve usage and compliance.

Application of Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system to evaluate glycaemic variability (GV), patient satisfaction and clinical utility in pregnant women with diabetes.

This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital on 70 pregnant women with diabetes where blood sugar levels were monitored by FGM and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).

FGM generated 19,950 readings versus 1470 readings by SMBG over 3days. Glucose values measured by FGM and SMBG had significant positive correlation (

 > 0.89;

 < 0.001). Significant difference (

< 0.001) was present between minimum glucose values by FGM (52.49 ± 15.42mg/dl) and SMBG (72.74 ± 18.30mg/dl). FGM (20.9%) was able to pick exact duration of hypoglycaemia, while one-third of this duration was missed by conventional SMBG (14.7%;

 < 0.05). Hypoglycaemic episodes were observed in 92.9% women by FGM as compared to 45.7% by SMBG (

 < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in maximum glucose level or duration of hyperglycaemia by both methods. FGM identified hyperglycaemia in 74% women vs. 52% by SMBG (

< 0.001). KRpep-2d purchase GV calculated by using MODD by FGM was 118.4 ± 52.4mg/dl and by SMBG was 83.2 ± 53.2mg/dl (

< 0.001). 100% women preferred AGP vs. SMBG.

This is the first study to evaluate FGM for GV and patient satisfaction in women with GDM. Significant correlation was observed in glucose values by FGM and SMBG. FGM was more sensitive in detecting GV and hypoglycaemic excursions as compared to SMBG. All women preferred FGM over SMBG. Use of FGM gave new insights in clinical management of challenging cases.

This is the first study to evaluate FGM for GV and patient satisfaction in women with GDM. Significant correlation was observed in glucose values by FGM and SMBG. FGM was more sensitive in detecting GV and hypoglycaemic excursions as compared to SMBG. All women preferred FGM over SMBG. Use of FGM gave new insights in clinical management of challenging cases.

Ensuring safety of the mother along with the delivery of a healthy baby is the ultimate objective of all obstetricians. Labour induction is increasingly becoming one of the most common obstetric interventions in India. The aim of the study is to compare the feto-maternal outcome of induction of labour versus spontaneous labour in postdated women.

This was a prospective observational comparative study. A total of 100 patients were selected, 50 who had induction of labour (study group) and 50 who had spontaneous labour (control). A structured proforma and partographs were used to obtain data.

42% nulliparous women had induction of labour as compared to 29% multiparous women. The rate of cesarean section(58%) was substantially higher in those who had been induced. Non-progression of labour or failure of induction was the commonest indication for cesarean section. Post-partum haemorrhage was a complication found more commonly in the study group. Perineal tears were found more commonly in the control group.The mean birth weight of babies born to mothers who had been induced was significantly higher than that of those born to women who went into spontaneous labour.