Activity

007 to 0.027) units, 2.6 (-1.3 to 6.5) L·min

and 1.4 (-0.8 to 3.5) beats·min

, respectively. Agreement (95% limits of agreement) for

‘

peak, RER and

‘

was 0.2 (±3.7) mL·kg

·min

, 0.01 (±0.10) units and 2.6 (±24.0) L·min

, respectively. No systematic or proportional bias was found except for the completed distance, which was 49 m (95% CI 16 to 82 m) longer during CPET.

Parameters of gas exchange, including

‘

peak and RER, obtained from a maximal CPET performed with the extra CLE set-up can be used interchangeably with data obtained from standard CPET, thus preventing unnecessary additional testing.

Parameters of gas exchange, including V’O2 peak and RER, obtained from a maximal CPET performed with the extra CLE set-up can be used interchangeably with data obtained from standard CPET, thus preventing unnecessary additional testing.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1183/23120541.00451-2020.].

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare multisystem vasculitis characterised by recurrent cartilage inflammation. Respiratory involvement, of which tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is the commonest form, is difficult to treat and is linked to increased mortality. We describe 13 patients with respiratory involvement.

This is a retrospective study of all the patients with relapsing polychondritis at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (UHCW), a secondary care provider for ∼500 000. Only patients with respiratory involvement were included in this study.

We identified 13 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Trichostatin A HDAC inhibitor Most patients were identified from the “difficult asthma” clinic. TBM was seen in 11 patients, whilst two patients had pleural effusions which resolved with immunosuppression and one patient had small airways disease. Computed tomography scans (inspiratory and expiratory) and bronchoscopy findings were useful in diagnosing TBM. Pulmonary function testing revealed significant expiratorisk of life-threatening airway collapse. A number of patients respond well to DMARDs and are able to minimise corticosteroid use.For individuals with high risk of exposure and thereafter developing and transmitting active tuberculosis, conditional post-exposure prophylaxis might be a potential tool for tuberculosis control https//bit.ly/39qHHh4.Cough is induced by inhaled prostacyclin analogues including treprostinil (TRE), and, at higher doses, treprostinil palmitil (TP), a prodrug of TRE. In this report, we have investigated mechanisms involved in TRE- and TP-induced cough, using a dry powder formulation of TP (TPIP) to supplement previous data obtained with an aqueous suspension formulation of TP (TPIS). Experiments in guinea pigs and rats investigated the prostanoid receptor subtype producing cough and whether it involved activation of sensory nerves in the airways and vasculature. Experiments involved treatment with prostanoid, tachykinin and bradykinin receptor antagonists, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and TRE administration to the isolated larynx or intravenously. In guinea pigs, cough with inhaled TRE (1.23 µg·kg-1) was not observed with an equivalent dose of TPIP and required higher inhaled doses (12.8 and 35.8 µg·kg-1) to induce cough. TRE cough was blocked with IP and tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists but not with EP1, EP2, EP3, DP1 or bradykinin B2 antagonists or a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. TRE administered to the isolated larynx or intravenously in rats produced no apnoea or swallowing, whereas citric acid, capsaicin and hypertonic saline had significant effects. The mechanisms inducing cough with inhaled TRE likely involves the activation of prostanoid IP receptors on jugular C-fibres in the tracheobronchial airways. Cough induced by inhaled dry powder and nebulised formulations of TP occurs at higher inhaled doses than TRE, presumably due to the slow, sustained release of TRE from the prodrug resulting in lower concentrations of TRE at the airway sensory nerves.Patients’ experiences of NTM pulmonary disease highlight important and unmet needs for better pharmacological treatment and education of medical staff https//bit.ly/3mjrlwh.

There has been considerable international variation in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences between mortality registered as due to COVID-19 and the excess all-cause mortality reported in countries worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ecological analysis of 22 countries compared 5-year historical all-cause mortality, reported all-cause mortality and expected all-cause mortality (calculated as historical mortality plus the reported deaths attributed to COVID-19). Data available from the first week of January 2020 to that most recently available were analysed.

Compared to the preceding 5 years, there was an excess of 716 616 deaths, of which 64.3% were attributed to COVID-19. The proportion of deaths registered as COVID-19-related/excess deaths varied markedly between countries, ranging between 30% and 197% in those countries that had an excess of deaths during the period of observation. In most countries where a definite peak in COVID-19 mortality than the reported rates, in those countries experiencing definite increases in mortality.Aortic body tumors, specifically chemodectomas, are the second most common type of canine cardiac tumor; however, information about treatment is currently lacking. This study included dogs with a presumptive or definitive diagnosis of an aortic body chemodectoma that underwent treatment with toceranib phosphate. Cases were solicited via the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Cardiology, Internal Medicine, and Oncology listservs using an electronic survey. Cox multivariate analysis of factors potentially impacting survival time was completed. Twenty-seven (27) cases were included in analysis. The clinical benefit rate (complete remission, partial remission, or stable disease >10 weeks) was 89%. A median survival time of 478 days was found for those receiving toceranib alone (n = 14), which was not statistically different from those treated with additional modalities (521 days). No factors evaluated statistically impacted outcome. Further, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the use of toceranib for the treatment of canine aortic body chemodectomas.