Activity

In 2007, the World Health Organization initiated the Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) as part of an initiative to improve patient outcomes. After publication of the SSC, perioperative nurses identified challenges with implementing it and questioned its effectiveness. We desired to summarize the state of the science on the effectiveness of strategies that perioperative personnel have used to implement and assess the SSC; therefore, we conducted a scoping review. We searched several databases and identified 28 articles that described the three key stages of SSC implementation (ie, before, during, and after). Half of the identified articles addressed intervention strategies and most articles provided strategies for SSC implementation. The literature also indicated that effective implementation occurred when there was adequate planning. Perioperative leaders should work with nurses when implementing the SSC and monitor its use after implementation to verify compliance and help prevent negative patient outcomes.Hierarchical relationships can negatively affect nurses’ psychological empowerment and interprofessional hand overs. We explored nurses’ perceptions of their psychological empowerment, teamwork, and work engagement; relationships between these concepts during interprofessional clinical hand overs; and observed interactive communication behaviors during hand overs. We used surveys and observations of interprofessional clinical hand overs to collect data from 39 nurses in a postanesthesia care unit in Australia. Nurses reported high scores for psychological empowerment and work engagement. Relationships between empowerment and teamwork (r = 0.41, P = .01) and empowerment and work engagement (r = 0.65, P less then .001) were positive and significant. Relationships between nurses’ observed communication behaviors and perceptions of empowerment, teamwork, and work engagement were nonsignificant. Additional research is needed to better understand how empowerment, teamwork, and work engagement affect nurses’ interactive communication behaviors during interprofessional clinical hand overs in the postanesthesia care unit.Perceived predation risk and the resulting antipredator behaviour varies across space, time and predator identity. Communities with multiple predators that interact and differ in their use of space, time of activity and hunting mode create a complex landscape for prey to avoid predation. Anthropogenic presence and disturbance have the potential to shift interactions among predators and prey and the where and when encounters occur. selleck chemical We examined how white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus fawn spatiotemporal antipredator behaviour differed along an anthropogenic disturbance gradient that had black bears Ursus americanus, coyotes Canis latrans, bobcats Lynx rufus and humans present. We quantified (a) spatial co-occurrence in species distributions, (b) temporal overlap across the diel cycle and (c) spatiotemporal associations between humans, bears, coyotes, bobcats, adult male deer and fawns. We also examined how deer vigilance behaviour changed across the anthropogenic disturbance gradient and survey duration. Anthropogenic disturbance influenced spatiotemporal co-occurrence across multiple scales, often increasing spatiotemporal overlap among species. In general, species’ spatial co-occurrence was neutral or positive in anthropogenically disturbed environments. Bears and fawns, coyotes and adult male deer, and bobcats and fawns all had higher temporal overlap in the agriculture-development matrix sites. In addition, factors that influenced deer vigilance (e.g. distance to forest edge and predator relative abundance) in the agriculture-development matrix sites did not in the forest matrix site. By taking into account the different antipredator behaviours that can be detected and the different scales these behaviours might occur, we were able to gain a more comprehensive picture of how humans reduce available niche space for wildlife, creating the neutral and positive spatiotemporal associations between species that studies have been seeing in more disturbed areas.Polypharmacy is common among patients taking prescription opioids long-term, and the codispensing of interacting medications may further increase opioid overdose risk. To identify nonopioid medications that may increase opioid overdose risk in this population, we conducted a case-crossover-based screening of electronic claims data from IBM MarketScan and Optum Clinformatics Data Mart spanning 2003 through 2019. Eligible patients were 18 years of age or older and had at least 180 days of continuous enrollment and 90 days of prescription opioid use immediately before an opioid overdose resulting in an emergency room visit or hospitalization. The main analysis quantified the odds ratio (OR) between opioid overdose and each nonopioid medication dispensed in the 90 days immediately before the opioid overdose date after adjustment for prescription opioid dosage and benzodiazepine codispensing. Additional analyses restricted to patients without cancer diagnoses and individuals who used only oxycodone for 90 days immediately before the opioid overdose date. The false discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple testing. We identified 24,866 individuals who experienced opioid overdose. Baclofen (OR 1.56; FDR less then 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29 to 1.89), lorazepam (OR 1.53; FDR less then 0.01; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.88), and gabapentin (OR 1.16; FDR = 0.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.28), among other nonopioid medications, were associated with opioid overdose. Similar patterns were observed in noncancer patients and individuals who used only oxycodone. Interventions may focus on prescribing safer alternatives when a potential for interaction exists.Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the most destructive fish viruses and affects more than 120 marine and freshwater teleost species. However, the pathogenesis of NNV has not been made clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of viral infection. To understand the roles and regulation patterns of miRNAs in NNV infection, high-throughput sequencing was carried out in Lateolabrax japonicus brain (LJB) cells with or without red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) infection at 12 and 24 hr. Here, we identified 59 known and 61 novel differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) between mock and RGNNV-infected LJB cells. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in immune-related signalling pathways, such as autophagy, mitophagy and TGF-beta signalling pathways. The expression patterns of four DE miRNAs (lja-miR-145, lja-miR-182, lja-miR-183 and lja-miR-187) were verified by qRT-PCR both in vivo and in vitro. We found that lja-miR-145 promoted RGNNV proliferation, while lja-miR-183 suppressed RGNNV proliferation.