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995.Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce durable clinical responses only in a subset of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. There is a need to identify mechanisms of ICI resistance and immunotherapy biomarkers to improve clinical benefit. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of circulating endothelial and leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. In addition, the relationship between total blood circulating EV proteome and response to ICIs was investigated. An optimized flow cytometry method was employed for the identification and subtyping of blood circulating EVs in 59 patients with advanced NSCLC. Blood samples were collected from patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (n = 31) or chemotherapy (n = 28). An exploratory proteomic analysis of sorted blood EVs was conducted in a subset of patients. Our results show that a low blood concentration of circulating endothelial-derived EVs before treatment was strongly associated to longer overall survival (p = 0.0004) and higher disease control rate (p = 0.045) in patients treated with ICIs. Interestingly, shotgun proteomics revealed that EVs of responders to anti-PD-1 therapy had a specific protein cargo before treatment. In addition, EV protein cargo was specifically modulated during immunotherapy. We identified a previously unknown association between circulating endothelial-derived extracellular vesicle concentration and immunotherapy-related clinical outcomes. We also observed differences in circulating extracellular vesicle proteome according to anti-PD-1-based treatment response in NSCLC patients. Overall, these results may contribute to the identification of novel circulating biomarkers for rational immunotherapy approaches in patients affected by NSCLC.(1) Background The aim of this split-mouth design study was to analyze the clinical periodontal indexes and oxidative stress markers in gingival crevicular fluid modifications after three periodontal disease treatment possibilities (scaling and root planning-SRP; SRP and diode laser-L; SRP and photodynamic therapy-PDT). (2) Methods The study was conducted on 52 patients systemically healthy subjects with periodontal disease-non-RA (n = 26); and test group (n = 26) subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease-RA. Clinical periodontal measurements (probing depth-PD; Löe and Silness gingival index-GI; papillary bleeding index-PBI; and periodontal community index of treatment needs-CPITN) and oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4 hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)) were analyzed at baseline (T0), after three sessions of periodontal treatment (T1), and 6 months after treatment (T2). (3) Results Periodontal therapy improved clinical periodontal measurements and oxidative stress markers in both analyzed groups, with supplementary benefits for laser- and PDT-treated periodontal pockets. (4) Conclusions The analyzed oxidative stress markers decreased significantly following non-surgical periodontal therapy in both rheumatoid arthritis and systemically healthy patients. All the periodontal disease treatment possibilities analyzed in this study offered clinical and paraclinical improvements; however, the association of laser with SRP and photodisinfection with SRP yielded the best clinical and paraclinical outcomes when compared to SRP alone.Meniscal tear is a common reason for patients to undergo knee operation, and the medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) is one of the most frequent kinds of meniscal tears. The purpose of this study was to analyze participants’ factors (anthropometric and medical) to the fate of the MMPRT based on the treatment strategy. The hypothesis of this study was that treatment modalities from conservative treatment to final arthroplasty would be affected by participants’ affecting factors. From July 2003 to May 2018, 640 participants were included. Groups were categorized according to the treatment strategies such as conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery, high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and arthroplasty surgery. Participants’ affecting factors were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance according to the four different treatment strategies and a correlation between affecting factors was also analyzed. Participants with K-L (Kellgren-Lawrence) Grade 4 and high BMI > 28.17 were appropriate candidates for arthroplasty, with K-L Grade 4 being a greater determining factor than high BMI. Participants with alignment factors such as low initial weight bearing line (WBL) (26.5%) and high delta WBL ratio (5.9%) were appropriate candidates for HTO, with the delta WBL ratio being a greater determining factor than initial WBL. Longer MRI-event times (1.44 year) and a lesser extent of meniscal extrusion (2.98 mm) were significantly associated with conservative treatment. Understanding the correlation of each affecting factor to the treatment strategy will help clinicians decide on the appropriate treatment for patients with MMPRT.Dehydration is prevalent in hospitalised patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly (≥65 years). We aimed at comparing the performance of intracellular water to extracellular water ratio (ICW/ECW), calculated through a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of blood urea nitrogen, with the creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) to predict poor outcomes in a cohort of prospectively identified patients. Data were combined from a cohort of elderly patients (≥65 years) admitted to hospital with fragility fracture (n = 125) and older adults aged ≥50 years admitted to hospital with stroke (n = 40). Selleck Blasticidin S The association between hydration status and study outcomes (unfavourable discharge destination (rehabilitation, another ward, or death) and prolonged hospitalisation (>10 days)) was examined using logistic regression. The overall diagnostic accuracy of each hydration status measurement was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In 165 participants (mean age (SD) of 76.7 (9.2) years), an ICW/ECW ratio below the 25th percentile was associated with increased odds of poor discharge destination (OR (95% CI) = 4.25 (1.59-11.34)). Neither the relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and prolonged stay nor discharge destination was significant. A BIA could be used utilised in conjunction with biochemical measurements to inform patient prognosis.