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Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and multiple regressions were applied (α=0.05). RESULTS Maxillary inter-premolar widths (first or second) expanded approximately 3mm after traction of unilateral or bilateral MIC (P>0.05). Changes in hemi-arch widths between palatal (1.67mm) versus buccal (1.90mm) MIC were similar (P>0.05). In unilateral impaction, the transversal changes on the affected side were 2mm versus almost 1mm observed in the unaffected side (P less then 0.05). find more Finally, the multiple linear regressions were identified to the ANB angle, the impaction sectors and the distance from middle raphe to the cusp tip of MIC as influential variables. CONCLUSION The maxillary inter-premolar widths increase after traction of MIC without differences between type or location of impaction. In addition, the transverse change in the affected side in unilateral MIC is greater than the unaffected side resolving the earlier transverse asymmetry. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are originally classified into 4 subtypes. Pseudo-depressed nongranular types (LSTs-NG-PD) are gaining attention because of their high malignancy potential. Previous studies discussed the classification of nongranular (LST-NG) and granular types (LST-G); however, the actual condition or indication for endoscopic treatment of LSTs-NG-PD remains unclear. We aimed to compare the submucosal invasion pattern of LSTs-NG-PD with the other 3 subtypes. METHODS A total of 22,987 colonic neoplasms including 2822 LSTs were resected endoscopically or surgically at Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital. In these LSTs, 322 (11.4%) were submucosal invasive carcinomas. We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological features of LSTs divided into 4 subtypes. In 267 LSTs resected en bloc, their submucosal invasion site was further evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of LSTs in all colonic neoplasms was significantly higher in females (14.9%) than that in males (11.0%ssection or surgery for LSTs-NG-PD. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of DCE MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution (GRASP) for differentiating paragangliomas and schwannomas in the head and neck. METHODS In a retrospective PACS search of in total 410 patients who had undergone head & neck GRASP-MRI, we identified 6 patients with biopsy proven cervical paragangliomas (n = 3) and schwannomas (n = 3). Conventional MRI features were evaluated, lesion size was determined. Postprocessing in 4D-GRASP datasets was performed (1) based on reconstructions with a temporal resolution (Tres) of 4.1 s, qualitative time-intensity curve classification and semiquantitative parameter (Tpeak, PH, ERmax and Slopemax) analysis, and (2) voxel-based mapping and qualitative and semiquantitative perfusion modeling based on reconstructions with a Tres of 1.6 s. Additionally, GRASP perfusion analysis was performed in another set of 5 patients with presumed cervical paragangliomas (n = 3) and schwannomas (n = 2) based on conventional imaging critaging features. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children younger than 4 years old results in cognitive and psychosocial deficits in adolescence and adulthood. At 4 weeks following closed head injury on postnatal day 11, male and female rats exhibited impairment in novel object recognition memory (NOR) along with an increase in open arm time in the elevated plus maze (EPM), suggestive of risk-taking behaviors. This was accompanied by an increase in intrinsic excitability and frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs), and a decrease in the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents in layer 2/3 neurons within the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region that is implicated in both object recognition and risk-taking behaviors. Treatment with progesterone for the first week after brain injury improved NOR memory at the 4-week time point in both sham and brain-injured rats and additionally attenuated the injury-induced increase in the excitability of neurons and the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs. The effect of progesterone on cellular excitability changes after injury may be related to its ability to decrease the mRNA expression of the β3 subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel and increase the expression of the neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter 3 in the medial PFC in sham- and brain-injured animals and also increase glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA expression in sham- but not brain-injured animals. Progesterone treatment did not affect injury-induced changes in the EPM test. These results demonstrate that administration of progesterone immediately after TBI in 11-day-old rats reduces cognitive deficits in adolescence, which may be mediated by progesterone-mediated regulation of excitatory signaling mechanisms within the medial PFC. Orb-weaving spiders produce multiple types of silks with distinct functions and material features, and all these silks are mainly composed of proteins which encoded by specific spidroin (spider silk protein) gene family members. Moreover, nearly all spidroins have evolved one or more variants within specific-species. However, the majority of variant sequences are fragmentary, limiting us to investigate the molecular structures and evolution relationships between spidroin variant genes. As the silk that is used to wrap prey and form an egg case liner, aciniform silk is given high toughness and tensile strength. To date, only one aciniform spidroin 1 (AcSp1) gene sequence from orb weavers Araneus ventricosus was reported, and it is still unknown whether presence of multiple AcSp1 variants in this species. Here, we present three novel complete AcSp1 variant gene sequences from Araneus ventricosus. The primary structures revealed the varying length of these variants, and partial repetitive sequences of two AcSp1 variants were deleted. Phylogenetic analysis showed AcSp1 seems to undergo multiple rounds of gene duplication, and the AcSp1-v4 likely originates from a recent duplication event. In brief, the generation of multiple AcSp1 variant genes contributes to transcript diversification and could result in varying tensile properties of aciniform silks.