Activity

We investigated whether acute carbohydrate ingestion reduced arterial potassium concentration ([K

]) during and after intense exercise and delayed fatigue.

In a randomized, double-blind crossover design, eight males ingested 300ml water containing 75g glucose (CHO) or placebo (CON); rested for 60min, then performed high-intensity intermittent cycling (HIIC) at 130%

V

˙

O

2peak

, comprising three 45-s exercise bouts (EB), then a fourth EB until fatigue. Radial arterial (a) and antecubital venous (v) blood was sampled at rest, before, during and after HIIC and analyzed for plasma ions and metabolites, with forearm arteriovenous differences (a-v diff) calculated to assess inactive forearm muscle effects.

Glucose ingestion elevated [glucose]

and [insulin]

above CON (p=.001), being, respectively, ~2- and ~5-fold higher during CHO at 60min after ingestion (p=.001). Plasma [K

]

rose during and declined fnsulin-mediated, increased Na+ ,K+ -ATPase induced K+ uptake into non-contracting muscles. However, glucose ingestion did not delay fatigue.Ligation of the common carotid artery near its bifurcation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/- ) mice leads to rapid atherosclerosis development, which is affected by genetic backgrounds. BALB/cJ (BALB) mice are resistant to atherosclerosis, developing much smaller aortic lesions than C57BL/6 (B6) mice. In this study, we examined cellular events leading to lesion formation in carotid arteries with or without blood flow restriction of B6 and BALB Apoe-/- mice. Blood flow was obstructed by ligating the left common carotid artery near its bifurcation in one group of mice, and other group received no surgical intervention. Without blood flow interruption, BALB-Apoe-/- mice formed much smaller atherosclerotic lesions than B6-Apoe-/- mice after 12 weeks of Western diet (3,325 ± 1,086 vs. 81,549 ± 9,983 µm2 /section; p = 2.1E-7). Lesions occurred at arterial bifurcations in both strains. Fludarabine When blood flow was obstructed, ligated carotid artery of both strains showed notable lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration, and rapid plaque formation. Neutrophils and macrophages were observed in the arterial wall of BALB mice 3 days after ligation and 1 week after ligation in B6 mice. CD4 T cells were observed in intimal lesions of BALB but not B6 mice. By 4 weeks, both strains developed similar sizes of advanced lesions containing foam cells, smooth muscle cells, and neovessels. Atherosclerosis also occurred in straight regions of the contralateral common carotid artery where MCP-1 was abundantly expressed in the intima of BALB mice. These findings indicate that the disturbed blood flow is more prominent than high fat diet in promoting inflammation and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic BALB mice.

Bilateral stent deployment for malignant biliary obstruction (MHBO) can be achieved using side-by-side (SBS) or stent-in-stent (SIS) procedures. Compared with SBS techniques, the procedural steps of SIS are technically complex due to the necessity of introducing the delivery system into a contralateral biliary tract through the mesh of the SEMS. To overcome this issue, a novel uncovered SEMS, the HILZO Moving Cell Stent (MCS) has been released. The present study examined the technical feasibility of treating MHBO using bilateral deployment of this novel stent without dilating the mesh of the first stent to achieve insertion of the second stent within a single session, using a prospective, multicenter setting.

The primary outcome in the present study was the technical success rate. Technical success was defined as deployment of bilateral MCSs into two or more biliary tracts using SIS without a dilation device in a single-session.

A total of 27 patients with complications of MHBO were enrolled in this study. Bilateral SIS using two MCS was successfully performed in 23 patients without using dilation devices among 27 patients (initial technical success rate; 85.2%). Median time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO) was 271days. Stent dysfunction was observed in 12 patients (44.4%), and re-intervention was successfully performed in all patients without one patient who instead received best supportive care.

The SIS technique using MCS without dilation of the mesh may be technically feasible and safe. In addition, this may be useful for re-intervention. Further comparative randomized trials are needed.

The SIS technique using MCS without dilation of the mesh may be technically feasible and safe. In addition, this may be useful for re-intervention. Further comparative randomized trials are needed.

The biliary atresia (BA) inflammatory process leads to various obstructive patterns of extrahepatic biliary trees. The significance of the various BA obstructive patterns is unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the anatomical patterns of the biliary tract and short- and long-term prognoses in BA.

Between 1989 and 2018, 3483 patients were registered in the Japanese Biliary Atresia Registry. For this study, we selected 2649 patients who underwent Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) between the ages of 31 and 90days to eliminate the influence of age at KP as much as possible.

Regarding the main type, there were significant differences in the jaundice clearance rate (JCR; Type I 67.9%, Type I-cyst 79.4%, Type II 74.5%, Type III 60.9%; P<.0001) and the native liver survival rate (NLSR; P<.0001). In subgroups with hepatic radicles in Types I, II, and I-cyst, there was a significant difference in JCR (P=.0004) and NLSR (P=.0026). In subgroups with hepatic radicles in Type III, there was a significant difference in JCR (P=.0148) and NLSR (P=.0421).

Anatomical patterns of obstruction influenced short- and long-term prognoses in BA. These patterns were suggested to be prognostic factors following KP.

Anatomical patterns of obstruction influenced short- and long-term prognoses in BA. These patterns were suggested to be prognostic factors following KP.Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMicros) play vital roles in helping plants to resist phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils, while their activities may vary with site conditions. The present study investigated the microbial diversity and subsequently screened PSMicro strains from rhizosphere soils at five bamboo forests in subtropical China, among which four were developed in a same stand. The activities of the screened PSMicros were also assessed. The results showed great variation in microbial diversity among different forests. Concomitantly, a total of 52 PSMicro strains were isolated and identified to 10 bacterial genera and 4 fungal genera, with different forest rhizosphere soils containing different PSMicros and/or showing different abundances for a certain PSMicro genus, despite some PSMicros would not grow readily on plates. Different, and even the same microbial genera isolated across the five forests, varied significantly in the amount of P that they solubilized from the medium, which ranged from 18.