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Complete viral clearance was observed across all filter sizes with PP7 LRV of ≥4.7 or higher. Flux and protein recovery were also consistent. These results demonstrate the scalability of filtration performance and consistent virus removal at all sizes, supporting the use of laboratory scale filters to validate viral clearance at manufacturing scales.

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) is an increasing public health burden. This study aimed to evaluate the association of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), waist divided by height

(WHT.5R) and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of CM.

We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 10,521 participants aged 45 years and over were recruited, including 8807 individuals with 0 cardiometabolic diseases at baseline (stage I) and 1714 individuals with 1 cardiometabolic disease at baseline (stage II). CM was defined as self-reporting of two or more of the following conditions stroke, diabetes and heart disease. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the incremental predictive value beyond conventional factors. In stage I, an increased risk of CM was observed among participants with WHtR ≥0.5 (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05-2.97), WC≥90cm (men)+WC≥80cm (women) (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29-3.27), WHT.5R≥6.54cm

(OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.16-2.83) or BMI ≥24kg/m

(OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.98-2.24). Furthermore, the NRI and IDI of WHtR, WC and WHT.5R were all higher than those of BMI. In stage II, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of WHtR, WC, WHT.5R and BMI were 2.04 (1.24-3.35), 1.89 (1.29-2.77), 1.86 (1.24-2.78) and 1.47 (1.06-2.04), respectively. In addition, WC exhibited the highest NRI and IDI.

WHtR, WC, WHT.5R and BMI are independent predictors of CM in the middle-aged and older Chinese population. WHtR, WC and WHT.5R show better abilities in predicting CM than BMI.

WHtR, WC, WHT.5R and BMI are independent predictors of CM in the middle-aged and older Chinese population. WHtR, WC and WHT.5R show better abilities in predicting CM than BMI.

Diabetes has consistently been shown to increase risk for cognitive decline. Cognitive deficits may occur at the very earliest stages of diabetes. We sought to estimate the determinants of memory function in a group of middle-aged obese subjects with prediabetes or newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Sixty-two obese patients in treatment with metformin-with prediabetes (n=41) or newly diagnosed T2DM (n=21), were studied. Short- and long-term memory function was assessed through a neuropsychological assessment consisting of two tests and a composite domain z score was calculated. Cardiometabolic variables, such as abdominal MRI quantification of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue content, and of intra-hepatocellular lipid content, as well as insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index, HOMA-IR) and beta cell performance (Beta Index), by multiple sampling, 8-point oral glucose tolerance test, were also evaluated. Age, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and lnHOMA-IR together explained 18% (R square) of the variance in memory domain. Selleckchem 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone Including NAFLD increased the explained variance by 8% and including lnHOMA-IR by 9.1%, whereas the contribution of age and other factors was negligible.

Preventing and managing insulin resistance in precocious and possibly earlier stages of diabetes might provide benefit in slowering down future cognitive decline.

Preventing and managing insulin resistance in precocious and possibly earlier stages of diabetes might provide benefit in slowering down future cognitive decline.

Various obesity indices such as BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are associated with the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Given few studies examining the strength of the association in this population, we aimed to identify which obesity indices are most strongly associated with T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among adults from five West African countries.

Data from 15,520 participants from the World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPs surveys in Burkina Faso, Benin, Mali, Liberia, and Ghana were included in analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) per standard deviation (SD) of each anthropometric measure, modelled as both continuous variables and as categorical variables based on established cut-points. In the analyses with continuous variables, the unadjusted RRs for T2DM per SD were 1.30 (1.23, 1.37) for body mass index (BMI); 1.56 (1.46, 1.67) for WC; 2.57 (2.15, 3.09) for WHtR and 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) for WHR. WHtR showed the strongest association with T2DM in all adjusted analyses. For models using categorical variables based on established cut-points, obesity defined using waist circumference (OB-WC) and OB-BMI showed the strongest associations with T2DM, and OB-WHR, the weakest association in all adjusted analyses.

WHtR and WC appear to be the indices most strongly associated with T2DM and IFG respectively. Given its simplicity, WC may be the metric that most usefully conveys risk for T2DM in West African adults.

WHtR and WC appear to be the indices most strongly associated with T2DM and IFG respectively. Given its simplicity, WC may be the metric that most usefully conveys risk for T2DM in West African adults.

Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) limits long-term survival following lung transplantation. Colonization of the allograft by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with an increased risk of CLAD and inferior overall survival. Recent experimental data suggests that ‘cloaking’ antibodies targeting the O-antigen of the P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide cell wall (cAbs) attenuate complement-mediated bacteriolysis in suppurative lung disease.

In this retrospective cohort analysis of 123 lung transplant recipients, we evaluated the prevalence, risk factors and clinical impact of serum cAbs following transplantation.

cAbs were detected in the sera of 40.7% of lung transplant recipients. Cystic fibrosis and younger age were associated with increased risk of serum cAbs (CF diagnosis, OR 6.62, 95% CI 2.83-15.46, p < .001; age at transplant, OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59-0.81, p < .001). Serum cAbs and CMV mismatch were both independently associated with increased risk of CLAD (cAb, HR 4.34, 95% CI 1.91-9.83, p < .