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Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum) has been proven as a potential remediation plant of the pollution caused by atrazine. Plants used in remediation can release root exudates to communicate with rhizosphere microorganisms and accelerate the removal of pollutants in soil. However, the response of pearl millet root exudates under atrazine stress has remained unclear. In this study, hydroponic experiments were conducted at Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China, to investigate the oxidative stress response and the changes in composition of root exudates in pearl millet plants that were exposed to 19.4 mgL-1 of atrazine, compared to the untreated control. The experiment was established as six treatments with exposure to no atrazine for 2, 4 and 6 days (CK-2, CK-4, CK-6) and 19.4 mgL-1 atrazine for 2, 4 and 6 days (AT-2, AT-4, AT-6), respectively. The results suggest that the growth of the seedlings changed slightly when exposed to atrazine for 2 days. The content of thiobarbituric acid reet seedlings can be attributed to the oxidative stress caused by atrazine.Chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a significant health concern, and the mechanism of long-term low-dose Cd exposure on bone has not been fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to assess the association between long-term environmental Cd exposure and bone remodeling in women who aged over 50. A total of 278 non-smoking subjects from Cd-polluted group (n = 191) and non-Cd polluted group (n = 87) were investigated. Bone mineral density (BMD), the levels of three bone turnover markers (BTMs), including total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (β-CTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), together with serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined. Early markers of renal dysfunction were measured as well. Urinary Cd concentrations ranged from 0.41 to 87.31 μg/g creatinine, with a median of 4.91 μg/g creatinine. Age, BMD, T-score, and prevalence of osteoporosis showed no statistical differences among the quartiles of urinary Cd concentrations, while serum levels of P1NP, β-CTX, and OPG were higher in the upper quartiles. Multivariate linear regression models indicated significantly positive associations of urinary Cd concentration with serum levels of P1NP, β-CTX, BALP, sRANKL, and OPG. A ridge regression analysis with T-score and the three BTMs, sRANKL, and OPG, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), indicated that except for age and Cd exposure, β-CTX was a predictor of T-score. These findings demonstrated that Cd may directly accelerate bone remodeling. Serum β-CTX might be an appropriate biochemical marker for evaluating and monitoring Cd-related bone loss. Capsule Cadmium (Cd) may directly accelerate bone remodeling and serum β-CTX is a valuable biochemical marker for evaluating Cd-related bone loss.Increased applications of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field have aroused attention for their potential toxicological effects. Although numerous studies have been carried out on the toxicity of QDs, their effects on reproductive and development are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the male reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs in BALB/c mice. The male mice were injected intravenously with CdSe/ZnS QDs at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg BW or 25 mg/kg BW, respectively, and the survival status, biodistribution of QDs in testes, serum sex hormone levels, histopathology, sperm motility and acrosome integrity was measured on Day 1, 7, 14, 28 and 42 after injection. On Day 35 after treatment, male mice were housed with non-exposed female mice, and then offspring number, body weight, organ index and histopathology of major organs, blood routine and biochemical tests of offspring were measured to evaluate the fertility and offspring health. The results showed that Cmedical fields, our findings might provide insight into the biological safety evaluation of the reproductive health of QDs.Application of activating agents can significantly improve efficiency of plants for remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, however, damage to soil and plants limits application of traditional activating agents. The aim of our experiments is to select an efficient,green and low-cost activating agent to improve efficiency of plant extraction technology. selleck kinase inhibitor In this study, contaminated soil was remediated by Sedum alfredii. The effects of two plant extracts (i.e., Oxalis corniculata,OX and Medicago sativaextract, ME) in addition to citric acid (CA) were studied in oscillatory activation experiment and pot experiment. The oscillation activation experiment revealed that extraction quantity of heavy metals in the soil was enhanced significantly with concentration of plant extract. The extraction quantity of Zn from 100% OX extract and ME extract were significantly higher than 10 mmol/L CA (54.04% and 33.09%, respectively). The 10 mmol/L CA has best extraction efficiency for Cd, up to 41.36 µg/kg, which is significantly higher than CK (control) (p less then 0.05). The pot experiment exhibited that application of CA has significantly reduced soil pH and organic matter content by 8.63% and 28.21%, respectively, however the two extracts have no significant effect on soil properties. The study indicated that application of CA has negative effects on root morphological parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Sedum alfredii.The addition of extracts of two plants have not caused any harm to Sedum alfredii. The application of three activating agents was beneficial for purification of Cd and Zn in soils, and its repairing efficiency was improved by 3.92, 3.37, 3.33 times and 0.44, 0.20, 0.86 times, respectively. The combination of plant extracts and hyperaccumulators can effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated soils, which provided a theoretical basis for mitigation of pollution in soils.There is limited evidence about gait stability and its alteration by concurrent motor and cognitive tasks in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We examined gait stability and how it is altered by constrained cognitive or motor task in CP and their typically developed (TD) controls. Gait kinematics were recorded using inertial-measurement units (IMU) from 18 patients with hemiplegia (13.5 ± 2.4 years), 12 with diplegia (13.0 ± 2.1 years), and 31 TD controls (13.5 ± 2.2 years) during unconstrained gait, and motor (carrying a tray) and cognitive (word naming) task constrained gait at preferred speed (~400 steps/task). Step duration, its standard deviation and refined-compound-multiscale entropy (RCME) were computed independently for vertical and resultant horizontal accelerations. Gait complexity was higher for patients with CP than TD in all tasks and directions (p 0.586), but its variation was higher in CP than TD (p less then 0.001-0.05), and during the constrained than unconstrained gait in all groups (p less then 0.