Activity

This study suggests that using elastomeric infusers to deliver cefazolin via a short peripheral IV catheter has similar complication rates to traditional bolus delivery. Patients surveyed showed high levels of satisfaction with both forms of antibiotic delivery.

This study suggests that using elastomeric infusers to deliver cefazolin via a short peripheral IV catheter has similar complication rates to traditional bolus delivery. Patients surveyed showed high levels of satisfaction with both forms of antibiotic delivery.Graphical Abstract.Graphical Abstract.Graphical Abstract.

This case study addresses (i) antibiotic treatment options for

bacteraemia (SAB), for both empirical and targeted therapy; (ii) the current status of and priorities for the antibiotic pipeline to ensure access of effective antibiotics for SAB; and (iii) strategies for responsible antibiotic use relevant to the clinical management of SAB.

Evidence to address the aims was extracted from the following information sources (i) EUCAST and CLSI recommendations, summaries of product characteristics (SPCs), antibiotic treatment guidelines and the textbook

; (ii) the http://www.clinicaltrial.gov database; and (iii) quality indicators for responsible antibiotic use.

Current monotherapy treatment options for SAB include only three drug classes (β-lactams, glycopeptides and lipopeptides), of which two also cover MRSA bacteraemia (glycopeptides and lipopeptides). The analysis of the antibiotic pipeline and ongoing clinical trials revealed that several new antibiotics with

(including MRSA) coverage were developed in ng SAB.Graphical Abstract.Graphical Abstract.Graphical Abstract.Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and is characterized by a long preclinical phase in which amyloid-β and tau accumulate in the absence of cognitive decline. In vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease are expensive, invasive and inaccessible, yet are critical for accurate disease diagnosis and patient management. Recent ultrasensitive methods to measure plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) display strong correlations with tau positron emission tomography, p-tau181 in CSF, and tau pathology at autopsy. The clinical utility of plasma-based p-tau181 biomarkers is unclear. In a longitudinal multicentre observational study, we assessed 1113 non-demented individuals (509 cognitively unimpaired elderly and 604 individuals with mild cognitive impairment) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who underwent neuropsychological assessments and were evaluated for plasma p-tau181. The primary outcome was a memory composite z-score. Mixed-effect models assessed rates of memorythat in elderly individuals without dementia at baseline, plasma p-tau181 biomarkers were associated with greater memory decline and rates of clinical progression to dementia. Plasma p-tau181 improved prediction of memory decline above a model with currently available clinical and genetic data. While the clinical importance of this improvement in the prediction of memory decline is unknown, these results highlight the potential of plasma p-tau181 as a cost-effective and scalable Alzheimer’s disease biomarker.The hippocampus within the medial temporal lobe is highly vulnerable to age-related pathology such as vascular disease. We examined hippocampal vascularization patterns by harnessing the ultra-high resolution of 7 Tesla magnetic resonance angiography. Dual-supply hemispheres with a contribution of the anterior choroidal artery to hippocampal blood supply were distinguished from single-supply ones with a sole dependence on the posterior cerebral artery. A recent study indicated that a dual vascular supply is related to preserved cognition and structural hippocampal integrity in old age and vascular disease. Here, we examined the regional specificity of these structural benefits at the level of medial temporal lobe sub-regions and hemispheres. In a cross-sectional study with an older cohort of 17 patients with cerebral small vessel disease (70.7  ±  9.0 years, 35.5% female) and 27 controls (71.1  ±  8.2 years, 44.4% female), we demonstrate that differences in grey matter volumes related to the hippocampal vascu pattern could have major implications for brain structure and function in ageing and dementia independent of vascular pathology, while presenting a simple framework with potential applicability to the clinical setting.Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex comprises the lateral, medial and orbitofrontal regions. In higher primates, the lateral prefrontal cortex is further separated into the respective dorsal and ventral subregions. However, all these regions have variably been implicated in several fronto-subcortical circuits. Dysfunction of these circuits has been highlighted in vascular and other neurocognitive disorders. Recent advances suggest the medial prefrontal cortex plays an important regulatory role in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation and working, spatial or long-term memory. The medial prefrontal cortex appears highly interconnected with subcortical regions (thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus) and exerts top-down executive control over various cognitive domains and stimubiomarker and therapeutic target for dementia-associated conditions. Yet, these associations still require validation in longitudinal studies using larger sample sizes.Retinal vessels are known to be associated with various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease outcomes. Recent research has shown significant correlations between retinal characteristics and the presence of cerebral small vessel disease as measured by white matter hyperintensities from cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Early detection of age-related white matter changes using retinal images is potentially helpful for population screening and allow early behavioural and lifestyle intervention. This study investigates the ability of the machine-learning method for the localization of brain white matter hyperintensities. All subjects were age 65 or above without any history of stroke and dementia and recruited from local community centres and community networks. Subjects with known retinal disease or disease influencing vessel structure in colour retina images were excluded. click here All subjects received MRI on the brain, and age-related white matter changes grading was determined from MRI as the primary endpoint.