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Owing to their superior loading capacity and biocompatibility, imaging agent-conjugated (or encapsulated) peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels are capable of imaging in vivo biological events with enhanced signals. Notably, by rational design of the hydrogelators, the hydrogelation process can “smartly” occur on the pathological site (or region of interest), rendering precise and sensitive bioimaging of the disease (or event) in vivo. Considering their importance in disease diagnosis, herein, we provide a review on the recent advances in peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels for bioimaging applications. Besides, we provide an outlook on the challenges (or chances) for these types of biomaterials in the field of bioimaging.BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common and progressive disorder with sensory and motor deficits in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Treatment is difficult, with unfavorable prognosis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exert neuroprotective effects on regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the effects of GTPs on functional recovery of the PNS have not been fully characterized. NSC 641530 datasheet Consequently, the present study investigated the effects of GTPs on nerve regeneration of rats with PNI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The model of PNI was established in rats by sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Adult male Wistar rats with SNI were randomly divided into a vehicle group and a GTPs group. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of rat sciatic nerves (SN) was measured using the CM6240 physiological signal acquisition and processing system. The wet weight of the triceps muscle was determined using an analytical balance. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was counted under an optical microscope. Ultrastructure of the regenerated nerves in SN was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neurofilament 200 (NF200), and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in SN stumps were measured by real-time quantification PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS In rats with SNI, GTPs relieved the adhesion between nerve anastomosis and surrounding tissues, and significantly increased nerve conduction velocity, wet weight of the triceps muscle, and development and axonal regeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Moreover, GTPs promoted the mRNA and protein expressions of NGF, GAP-43, NF200, and MAG in SN stumps. CONCLUSIONS GTPs promotes nerve regeneration in rats with SNI.BACKGROUND Despite advances in management, infective endocarditis remains a condition with high in-hospital and post-discharge mortality, especially when it is complicated by perivalvular extension and heart failure (HF). CASE REPORT Herein we describe two illustrative cases of endocarditis. The first case was complicated by left ventricle to right atrial fistula. The second cased was complicated by valvular perforation with a “windsock” appearance. Both patients developed acute HF. CONCLUSIONS Fistulas and severe valvular regurgitation are among the major causes of acute HF in the setting of infective endocarditis. In such cases, surgery should be considered to decrease mortality.

To analyze the presence of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) in a group of patients diagnosed with oral lichenoid disease (OLD).

A retrospective study of 217 patients diagnosed with OLD; 158 (72,8%) women and 59 (27,2%) men, with an average age upon diagnosis of 56,4 years (SD 11,88). We carried out a detailed and complete characterization of symptoms, with special emphasis on BMS diagnostic data specified by the International Headache Society.

Four patients (1.8%) presented with long-term clinical symptoms of burning mouth, indicative of BMS and they fulfilled the IHS 2018 criteria, except for criterion D, i.e.”Oral mucosa is of normal appearance”. The observed lichenoid mucosal lesions were not considered to be able to account for the reported intraoral pain in any of our patients. Thus neither diagnosis was considered to be exclusive.

Patients diagnosed with OLD, and who simultaneously present clinical characteristics of BMS should be studied in detail, in order to evaluate the possibility of both diagnoses concurring.

Patients diagnosed with OLD, and who simultaneously present clinical characteristics of BMS should be studied in detail, in order to evaluate the possibility of both diagnoses concurring.

To investigate the relative frequency of localized mucosal swellings of the upper and lower labial mucosa, the clinical-pathological diagnosis agreement and whether patient’s age and gender and tumor’s site and size may raise the suspicion of neoplasm.

Retrospective analysis was performed on upper or lower labial mucosal tumors, histopathologically diagnosed between 2009-2018. The diagnostic categories developmental/reactive tumors, benign and malignant neoplasms were associated with patient’s age and gender and tumor’s site and size; clinical-pathological diagnosis agreement was, also, evaluated.

Overall, 1000 (95.7%) developmental/reactive tumors, 35 (3.3%) benign and 10 (1%) malignant neoplasms were found. Upper/lower lip tumor ratio was 0.141. The diagnostic category was significantly associated with age (p<0.0001), site (p<0.0001) and diameter (p<0.0001). Age ≥60 years, tumor’s location on the upper lip and diameter >1cm were independent predictors for neoplasms. Patients presenting 2 or 3 of these variables were 20.2 times (p < 0.0001) or 33.6 times (p < 0.0001), respectively, more likely to have a neoplasm. Complete/partial agreement between clinical and pathological diagnosis was seen in 96.3% of the cases.

Most lip tumors involve the lower lip and are reactive, but upper lip tumors measuring >1cm in patients≥60 years have significantly higher probability to be neoplasms.

1cm in patients≥60 years have significantly higher probability to be neoplasms.

Aim of this study was to describe the outcome of patients with gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC), and to recognize aspects affecting clinical course and to consider survival rate.

The case records of patients, over a 10-year period, were retrospectively examined. Differences in distribution of the potential risk factors by prognosis were investigated through non-parametrical tests (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum and Fisher’s Exact). Survival curves for age, therapy and stage were built by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Log-Rank test.

79 patients were analysed. Significant increase in mortality for patients older than 77 and for those with advanced stages was found. Cumulative survival rate 5 years after the diagnosis was 43%, while at 10 years was of 11%.

With a statistical relationship between age and tumour stage with survival rates, and 70% of GSCC cases identified as stage IV, early GSCC diagnosis remains challenging.

With a statistical relationship between age and tumour stage with survival rates, and 70% of GSCC cases identified as stage IV, early GSCC diagnosis remains challenging.