Activity

ms and DCC size are major concerns for HFMD outbreaks. Sufficient budget allocation and good collaboration contribute to effective strategies for preventing and controlling HFMD in DCCs.

Underweight prevalence continues to be major public health challenge worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. This study is focused on socio-economic and demographic aspects of underweight prevalence among children under-five in Punjab.

In this study, several socioeconomic and demographic factors are considered using MICS-4 data-set. Only those variables which are usually described in the nutritional studies of children were picked. Covariates include the age of children, sex of the children, age of mother, total number of children born to women, family wealth index quintile, source of drinking water, type of sanitation, place of residence, parents’ education and occupation. All Categorical variables are effect coded. The child’s age and the mother’s age are assumed to be nonlinear, geographical region is spatial effect, while other variables are parametric in nature. Since, the response is binary, covariate comprises linear terms, nonlinear effects of continues covariates and geograacilities for poor population and disadvantaged regions, especially Southern Punjab.

Similarity of our results with several other studies demonstrate that the Geo-additive models are an ideal substitute of other statistical models to analyze the underweight prevalence among children. Moreover, our findings suggest the Punjab Government, to introduce target-oriented programs such as poverty reduction and enhancement of education and health facilities for poor population and disadvantaged regions, especially Southern Punjab.

To report the first case of belatacept-associated multidrug-resistant Cytomegalovirus retinitis in a kidney transplant recipient.

A 76-year-old African male renal allograft recipient was admitted for acute visual loss of the right eye. Ophthalmological examination of the right eye showed anterior uveitis and vitritis associated with large paravascular haemorrhages and yellow necrotic borders, involving the posterior pole but not the fovea. Both Cytomegalovirus DNA in plasma and aqueous humor were positive. The patient had had several episodes of Cytomegalovirus reactivation subsequent to the introduction of belatacept. His cytomegalovirus was multi-drug resistant, and was treated with maribarir, intravitreal and systemic injections of foscarnet, and anti-Cytomegalovirus human immunoglobulin. In parallel, belatacept was stopped and switched to tacrolimus. Cytomegalovirus DNA became undetectable and there was partial improvement of visual acuity at the last ophthalmologic examination, 18 months after the inably Cytomegalovirus retinitis. The occurrence of Cytomegalovirus retinitis may help improve the selection of patients converted to belatacept.

Routine screening of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) for synchronous malignancies using oesophagoscopy and bronchoscopy had been controversial. The aim of this study is therefore to find out the rate of synchronous malignancies in patients with primary HNSCCs, the risk factors for its occurrence and the effectiveness of oesophagoscopy and bronchoscopy from a 10-year experience in a single centre.

A retrospective review of medical records was conducted from July 2008 to June 2018 in a tertiary referral centre in Hong Kong. All patients with newly diagnosed HNSCCs were screened with oesophagoscopy and bronchoscopy at the time of diagnosis and therefore all patients were included in the study. The incidence of synchronous malignancies along the aerodigestive tract and the yield of oesophagoscopy and bronchoscopy were studied.

Of the 702 patients included in the study, the overall rate of synchronous malignancies was 8.3% (58/702), with the rate of synchronous oesophageal and lnancies and can be potentially replaced by imaging techniques.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this retrospective study was to reveal the risk factors for the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM. Demographic data and biochemical parameters were collected and analyzed.

A total of 518 individuals with type 2 diabetes were included. These individuals were classified into three groups according to the severity of diabetic retinopathy non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (N = 172), non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (N = 184), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (N = 162). Demographic and clinical measurement data of the individuals were collected by reviewing medical records and direct interview. The demographic data and biochemical parameters between groups were compared using Student’s t-test. Moreover, the factors related to severity of diabetic retinopathy were identified by using the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

No significant difference in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes duration was found among these three groups. The serum uric acid (SUA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), homocysteine, and urinary albumin levels were significantly higher in the NPDR and PDR group than those in the NDR group (P < 0.05). see more The individuals in the PDR group had obviously higher levels of SUA, homocysteine, and urinary albumin than individuals in the NPDR group (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high SUA, homocysteine, TC, LDL-c, and urinary albumin levels were associated with more serious diabetic retinopathy (OR > 1; P < 0.05).

The concentrations of SUA and urinary albumin are associated with the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM.

The concentrations of SUA and urinary albumin are associated with the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM.

Go-Golborne was a three-year pilot programme to test an innovative, community-based ‘whole system’ approach to preventing overweight in children in Golborne ward, London. Whilst there is a growing interest in local whole systems approaches to obesity, understandings of what they look like in practice are newly emerging. Go-Golborne was designed, implemented and evaluated within this context.

The evaluation used a case-study design and theory of change approach to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Height/weight measurements of children in the six participating primary schools were recorded annually for 4 years. For behavioural outcomes, children aged six-11 completed four annual on-line surveys (total 4331 responses). Parents were surveyed in year one and year four (177 responses). Three focus group discussions were held with children aged 10-11 (N = 21); interviews were conducted with parents (N = 11), and school representatives (N = 4). Stakeholders were surveyed twice (37 responses), and interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (N = 11).