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OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the roles of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells (BMSCs) under high glucose condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expreesions of miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of osteoblast-related proteins (Osterix, Runx-2 and Osteopontin) were detected by western blot. Whether miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p can target IGF-1 was assessed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were up-regulated in the mandibles of diabetic rats and BMSCs cultured in high glucose condition. Silencing miR-221-3p or/ and miR-222-3p increased ALP activity and up-regulated osteoblast-related protein levels, and the simultaneous silence the two miRNAs showed stronger effects on ALP activity and osteoblast-related protein levels. Next, we confirmed that miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p both targeted IGF-1 and cooperatively regulated its expression. Besides, miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p regulated ERK activation through IGF-1. MAPK inhibitor Silencing miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through IGF-1 under high glucose condition. CONCLUSION miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via IGF-1/ERK pathway under high glucose condition. V.AIM This study aims to evaluate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). METHODS This is a multicenter, open-labeled, randomized controlled study. T2D patients with HbA1c 6.9-8.9% (52-74 mmol/mol) who were under treatment with sulfonylurea were randomly allocated to either the sitagliptin group or the non-sitagliptin group. Glucose and lipid metabolism parameters including apolipoproteins (apo), sterols, and urinary albumin were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months of the treatment. RESULTS A total of 164 patients completed the 6-month observation (n = 81 for sitagliptin and n = 83 for non-sitagliptin). HbA1c decreased in the sitagliptin group but not in the non-sitagliptin group. Serum TG and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels did not change in either group. Apo B-48, apo CII, and apo CIII levels decreased in the sitagliptin group, but not in the non-sitagliptin group. The change in urinary albumin was significantly different between the groups with a preferable change in the sitagliptin group. There were no changes in serum sterols levels in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of sitagliptin for 6 months improves the metabolism of glucose and chylomicron and reduces plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with T2D. V.AIMS To examine the psychometric characteristics and explore the preliminary validity of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Processes of Care Survey (P-IPC) to assess patient-physician communication in the context of diabetes care. METHODS After adapting, translating, examining content validity, and pretesting the questionnaire, it was administered to 300 patients with diabetes. Confirmatory factor analysis identified the factor structure (scales). Variability, item-scale correlations, reliability, and construct validity of the final scales were examined. RESULTS Factor analysis supported the hypothesized second-order factor model with 27 of the 29 items11 first-, and 7 second-order common factors. Scale scores were calculated for the 7 second-order factors. Internal-consistency reliability for the 7 scales ranged from 0.60 to 0.90 and 2-week test-retest correlations ranged from 0.89 to 0.96. The communication and interpersonal style domains of the P-IPC demonstrated high ceiling effects suggesting good patient-physician communication. The P-IPC scales differentiated between patients in the language-concordant and language-discordant groups, and patterns of correlations with three patient satisfaction measures corresponded to hypotheses. CONCLUSION The P-IPC includes all of the second-order scales identified in the original IPC. Evidence of its reliability and validity suggest it can be useful for assessing patient-physician communication in the context of diabetes care. V.AIM The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of Ramadan focused education on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan. METHODS Literature search was done in PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library. Quality assessment was done using the ROBINS-I and Cochrane tools for risk of bias and analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.1. RESULTS From 770 records, 430 full text studies were assessed. After exclusions, the final quantitative analysis included 16 studies. Pre-Ramadan education was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c (SMD -0.46, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.27P  0.05) during Ramadan. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that Ramadan-focused diabetes education leads to a decrease in HbA1c and LDL, but an increase in TG and weight during Ramadan. It also identifies a lack of head to head studies and limited observational studies with adequately assessed end-points. AIM To design and evaluate psychometrics of adolescent self-report and parent proxy-report questionnaires assessing readiness for independent self-care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (RISQ-T and RISQ-P). METHODS 178 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (ages 13-17 years) and their parents completed the 20-item RISQ-T and 15-item RISQ-P, along with diabetes-specific measures of parent involvement, self-efficacy, burden, and treatment adherence. Evaluation of psychometric properties included calculation of internal consistency, adolescent and parent agreement, test-retest reliability, concurrent and predictive validity. RESULTS The RISQ-T (α = 0.78) and RISQ-P (α = 0.77) demonstrated sound internal consistency. Higher RISQ-T and RISQ-P scores (indicating more adolescent readiness for independent self-care) showed significant associations with less parent involvement in diabetes care (adolescent r = -0.34; parent r = -0.47; p  less then  .0001), greater adolescent diabetes self-efficacy (adolescent r = 0.32; parent r = 0.