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rly affected in disease. This encourages the use of the GOSH-ERG protocol in the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of retinal disease in children who are unable to comply with the rigorous ISCEV-ERG protocol.As the availability of real-world data sources (eg, EHRs, claims data, registries) and historical data has rapidly surged in recent years, there is an increasing interest and need from investigators and health authorities to leverage all available information to reduce patient burden and accelerate both drug development and regulatory decision making. Bayesian meta-analytic approaches are a popular historical borrowing method that has been developed to leverage such data using robust hierarchical models. The model structure accounts for various degrees of between-trial heterogeneity, resulting in adaptively discounting the external information in the case of data conflict. In this article, we propose to integrate the propensity score method and Bayesian meta-analytic-predictive (MAP) prior to leverage external real-world and historical data. The propensity score methodology is applied to select a subset of patients from external data that are similar to those in the current study with regards to key baseline covariates and to stratify the selected patients together with those in the current study into more homogeneous strata. PF-04965842 in vitro The MAP prior approach is used to obtain stratum-specific MAP prior and derive the overall propensity score integrated meta-analytic predictive (PS-MAP) prior. Additionally, we allow for tuning the prior effective sample size for the proposed PS-MAP prior, which quantifies the amount of information borrowed from external data. We evaluate the performance of the proposed PS-MAP prior by comparing it to the existing propensity score-integrated power prior approach in a simulation study and illustrate its implementation with an example of a single-arm phase II trial.A reciprocal LASSO (rLASSO) regularization employs a decreasing penalty function as opposed to conventional penalization approaches that use increasing penalties on the coefficients, leading to stronger parsimony and superior model selection relative to traditional shrinkage methods. Here we consider a fully Bayesian formulation of the rLASSO problem, which is based on the observation that the rLASSO estimate for linear regression parameters can be interpreted as a Bayesian posterior mode estimate when the regression parameters are assigned independent inverse Laplace priors. Bayesian inference from this posterior is possible using an expanded hierarchy motivated by a scale mixture of double Pareto or truncated normal distributions. On simulated and real datasets, we show that the Bayesian formulation outperforms its classical cousin in estimation, prediction, and variable selection across a wide range of scenarios while offering the advantage of posterior inference. Finally, we discuss other variants of this new approach and provide a unified framework for variable selection using flexible reciprocal penalties. All methods described in this article are publicly available as an R package at https//github.com/himelmallick/BayesRecipe.

To determine herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA prevalence and mean cycle threshold of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in corneal tissue of patients with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), with (HSK+) and without (HSK-) previous clinical herpetic keratitis history.

Retrospective review of recipient corneal buttons which were explanted through PKP between March 2010 and September 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center in Homburg/Saar, Germany. Corneal tissue samples were analysed by real-time PCR for the presence of HSV DNA. For each subject, clinical data, including patients’ demographics and clinical diagnoses, were collected.

In total, 2230 corneal samples (age at the time of the surgery 57.3±19.2years) of 1860 patients were analysed. HSV PCR was positive in 137 (6.1%) corneal samples, with a 30.57±6.01 (range 14-39) mean cycle threshold (Ct) value. Two hundred ninety-eight (13.4%) corneas of 266 patients were clinically HSK+, and 1932 (86.6%) corneas of 1600 patients werpenetrating keratoplasty.

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that suicidal ideation (SI) results from perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). Cross-sectional studies found associations with SI. This study examined the prospective prediction of SI.

Three hundred and eight inpatients reporting severe SI or a recent suicide attempt were assessed four times within 12 months. The prediction of SI was examined using multilevel analyses, group comparisons, and logistic regression analyses.

Cross-sectionally, PB and TB were associated with SI. Prospectively, neither PB nor TB predicted SI. We found no autocorrelation of SI over time. Patients with persistent and fluctuating SI reported higher PB at T0. PB predicted the persistence of SI over 12 months.

Results emphasize cross-sectional associations between PB, TB, and SI. PB and TB could not predict the intensity of SI over time. SI did not predict itself over time. PB was associated with a persistent trajectory of SI over 12 months.

Results emphasize cross-sectional associations between PB, TB, and SI. PB and TB could not predict the intensity of SI over time. SI did not predict itself over time. PB was associated with a persistent trajectory of SI over 12 months.

Toestimate repeatability and inter-observer variation of choroidal thickness measurements in myopic Danish children aged 7-14years using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Thirty-nine children were enrolled. Optical correction was single-vision spectacles (SVS) or orthokeratology lenses (OKL). Three repeated 7×7 mm 3-dimensional SS-OCT macula scans and three repeated 9mm SS-OCT line scanswere collected for each child using a DRI OCTTriton. Choroidal thickness was measured using three different methods line scan method 1 (LM1), line scan method 2 (LM2) and 3D macula scan method (3DM). Segmentation was adjusted if needed. Coefficients of repeatability (CR) and limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated.

The CRs ranged from 13.4 to 23.9µm, 14.5 to 26.2µm and 5.2 to 10.7µm for LM1, LM2 and 3DM, respectively.TheLoAranged from -22.9 to +31.5µm, -23.3 to +32.2µm and -10.2 to +12.4µm for LM1, LM2 and 3DM, respectively.Segmentation was adjusted in mostscans (63%-92%).Mean choroidal thickness ranged from 142.