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Using quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis, we investigated sleep EEG microstructure as correlates of neurobehavioural performance after 24h of extended wakefulness in untreated OSA.

Eight male OSA patients underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) at baseline followed by 40h awake with repeated performance testing (psychomotor vigilance task [PVT] and AusEd driving simulator). EEG slowing during REM and spindle density during NREM sleep were calculated using power spectral analysis and a spindle detection algorithm at frontal and central electrode sites. Correlations between sleep EEG microstructure measures and performance after 24-h awake were assessed.

Greater EEG slowing during REM sleep was associated with slower PVT reaction times (rho = - 0.79, p = 0.02), more PVT lapses (rho = 0.87, p = 0.005) and more AusEd crashes (rho = 0.73, p = 0.04). Decreased spindle density in NREM sleep was also associated with slower PVT reaction times (rho = 0.89, p = 0.007). Traditional PSG measures of disease severity were not consistent correlates of neurobehavioural performance in OSA.

Sleep EEG microstructure measures recorded during routine PSG are associated with impaired vigilance in OSA patients after sleep deprivation.

Quantitative brain oscillatory (or EEG)-based measures of sleep may better reflect the deleterious effects of untreated OSA than traditional PSG metrics in at-risk individuals. Trial Registration ACTRN12606000066583.

Quantitative brain oscillatory (or EEG)-based measures of sleep may better reflect the deleterious effects of untreated OSA than traditional PSG metrics in at-risk individuals. Trial Registration ACTRN12606000066583.The world faces an exceptional new public health concern caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), subsequently termed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the clinical symptoms mostly have been characterized, the scientific community still doesn´t know how SARS-CoV-2 successfully reaches and spreads throughout the central nervous system (CNS) inducing brain damage. The recent detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in frontal lobe sections from postmortem examination has confirmed the presence of the virus in neural tissue. This finding reveals a new direction in the search for a neurotherapeutic strategy in the COVID-19 patients with underlying diseases. Here, we discuss the COVID-19 outbreak in a neuroinvasiveness context and suggest the therapeutic use of high doses of melatonin, which may favorably modulate the immune response and neuroinflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials elucidating the efficacy of melatonin in the prevention and clinical management in the COVID-19 patients should be actively encouraged.Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANMs) and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are well suited to cater to the mental health needs of the communities. Integrating primary mental health care into the general healthcare is one of the important objectives of the District Mental Health Program (DMHP) to reduce the treatment gap. As a part of an ICMR funded trial to evaluate the effectiveness of NIMHANS-ECHO blended training program, the ASHAs and ANMs were trained to identify and refer cases from the community. We aim to describe a series of cases identified by those workers from the community, highlighting their importance in our health care system.Background Nowadays, pharmacists are expected to focus not only on dispensing medicines but also on the wellness of the patient. In some developed countries a pharmacist is clearly defined as a health care professional that can make a contribution to improving the general health of the population. Objective To assess the readiness of Polish pharmacy staff to engage in health promotion and educational activities. Setting Community pharmacies in Poland. Method The study group consisted of 308 pharmacy staff (248 pharmacists and 60 pharmacy technicians) employed in Polish pharmacies. The survey questionnaire referred to three domains systemic solutions for health promotion, readiness of pharmacy staff as a professional group to promote health, personal readiness to promote health. BAY-1895344 chemical structure Responses about pharmacy staff’s readiness to promote health were scored using a 10-point scale. Scale reliability for all items (overall readiness), and for items within the three domains separately, were tested using Cronbach’s α andacy staff working in pharmacies employing up to 3 staff members and at pharmacies with over 200 customers daily. Conclusions The overall readiness of pharmacy staff to promote health was low, especially in the domain of systemic solutions in health promotion.Background The effective implementation of pharmaceutical care requires pharmacists’ collaboration with other healthcare providers, especially doctors. However, doctor’s perceptions and expectations may not be in line with the tasks and responsibilities of pharmacists. Objectives We aim to explore doctors’ expectations and perceptions of pharmacists while working together in a multi-disciplinary team in Sierra Leone. Setting Twelve public hospitals in Sierra Leone. Method A national cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and September 2018. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all doctors at randomly selected public hospitals. Data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics, and a p > 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Main outcome measure Doctors’ perceptions and expectations towards pharmacists role in patient care. Results A total of 119 out of 150 questionnaires were returned. Doctors hold a mixed perception of pharmacists. Tgst medical doctors. Conversely, they view pharmacists as crucial players in the healthcare delivery system in Sierra Leone. Doctors also have high expectations of pharmacists in terms of contributing to better patient outcomes and therefore wish to collaborate. Possible interventions to settle doctors’ discontent regarding pharmacists may include fostering interprofessional training, practice, and constructive dialogue.