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use do not always appear to translate into a better quality of care in physician offices. However, quality measures used represent limited procedures for a handful of specific conditions and not the overall healthcare aspect.

Thyroid disorders are worldwide common endocrine disorders. These disorders are frequently under-diagnosed. In general, lack of knowledge and understanding of thyroid disorder effects can lead patients to go undiagnosed. This study aims to figure out the level of the general knowledge about thyroid disease manifestations, risk factors, and preventive behaviors among the general population. MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 882 participants in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia from July 2020 to October 2020, and were selected randomly. The representative sample included Saudi and non-Saudi males and females of different age groups (18-60 years).

The overall mean knowledge score was 8.67 (SD 3.69) with 44.7%, 41.2%, and 14.2% were classified into low, average, and high knowledge, respectively. In the comparison of mean knowledge score among the socio-demographic profiles and previous history of thyroid disease, the current study shows that being a female, living in Al Ahsa, being a student, those with a previous history of thyroid disease, family history of the disease, and those who underwent thyroid gland examination were significantly more associated with having better knowledge toward thyroid diseases.

Nearly, half of the studied sample has low awareness scores regarding thyroid disease manifestations and its risk factors. The health authorities should hold more successful health education methods to improve the public and their caregivers’ awareness of the various aspects of thyroid disorders and the value of their early detection and adequate control.

Nearly, half of the studied sample has low awareness scores regarding thyroid disease manifestations and its risk factors. The health authorities should hold more successful health education methods to improve the public and their caregivers’ awareness of the various aspects of thyroid disorders and the value of their early detection and adequate control.Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has revolutionized the management of advanced cancer including advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Unfortunately, those agents are not without adverse effects. Immune imbalance through enhanced cellular immune response may result in impaired endogenous immunological tolerance mechanisms that can result in a wide spectrum of immunological side effects also known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Scarce data are currently available about neurological immune-related adverse events (neuro irAEs), mainly obtained from clinical trials, case reports, or small case series. Most reported cases presented with nonspecific symptoms. It is important to recognize and promptly treat neuro irAEs, as it may be serious and even potentially fatal. Dactolisib mouse We present a rare case of nivolumab induced brain stem encephalitis in a patient with advanced SCLC presented 10 months after starting treatment with symptoms of nystagmus, gait disturbance, and blurry vision. Nivolumab was held and the patient was started on oral steroids with tapering dose. The patient’s symptoms gradually improved over a few weeks. Re-challenging with nivolumab six weeks later resulted in recurrence of symptoms and again the patient was prescribed oral steroids with tapering dose. She maintained response off treatment for six months. This case report is aimed to highlight the importance of clinically suspecting and promptly treating neurological irAE, when managing a patient with CPIs.Multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) is a condition characterized by three or more autoimmune disorders in the same individual. The development of MAS involves genetic, immunological, and infectious factors. Here we report a case of a 40-year-old man who presented with four autoimmune diseases, namely autoimmune hypothyroidism, alopecia universalis, celiac disease, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), which leads to a diagnosis of MAS. However, the patient does not fit in any category of MAS classification. In addition to the need for continued surveillance for the development of new autoimmune disease in predisposed patients, this case report suggests an additional fourth category of the classification of MAS that includes autoimmune hypothyroidism, alopecia universalis, celiac disease, and ITP.Background Although pancreatic cancer incidence is low at 13.1 per 100,000 people, this cancer is difficult to treat and carries a poor 5-year survival rate. Additionally, pancreatic cancer survival rates vary disproportionately based on age and race. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between 5-year survival of pancreatic cancer and the basic demographic factors age, race, and sex. Methods Data were retrieved from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 database, spanning from 2000-2017, using SEER*Stat. SPSS was used to calculate descriptive statistics for vital status, age, race, and sex. Odds ratios with confidence intervals were calculated using Epi Info. Case data were used to conduct survival analysis by age, race, and sex using OriginPro. Results Out of a total of 118,581 cases, 79.3% were White (n = 106,887), 12.5% were Black (n = 16,866), 7.4% were Asian or Pacific Islander (n = 9,960), 0.6% were American Indian/Alaskan Native (ndocumenting no significant differences in treatment outcome by race. Controlling for age in a future study in both race and sex survival probability analyses may be helpful. Further, stratifying by sex in survival probability analysis by race would be illuminating. In addition to survival analysis, regression modeling would be a useful next step.Background Data regarding barriers to Barrett’s esophagus (BE) surveillance is limited. Studying an urban center population, we aimed to characterize non-dysplastic BE surveillance rates and identify health, racial, and socioeconomic disparities affecting surveillance. Methods Patients with biopsy-confirmed BE were retrospectively identified between January 2002 and December 2012. Non-dysplastic BE patients were analyzed for adherence to established surveillance guidelines. Demographic, racial, comorbidities, and socioeconomic variables were extracted. Annual gross income (AGI) was utilized as a marker of socioeconomic status (SES). Univariate and multivariate analyses compared adherent vs. non-adherent patients to surveillance guidelines. Results A total of 217 patients with non-dysplastic BE were analyzed. The majority were male (67.3%) and Caucasian (75.6%), with only 47.5% adherent with the first surveillance endoscopy. Patients with a high average AGI were more likely to be adherent with the initial surveillance endoscopy than those with low AGI (p=0.