Activity

n range among the different methods.

To examine the specific deterrent effect of offender supervision on the risk of a further offence by persons convicted of amphetamine use and/or possession.

Observational study of two groups matched on a wide range of factors using augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting.

New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

A total of 2099 persons convicted of amphetamine use and/or possession and placed on either a supervised good behaviour bond (1004) or a bond without supervision (1096).

Conviction for another amphetamine use/possession offence, any drug offence, assault or theft within 48months free time after the index court appearance.

Only two of the treatment estimates were consistent with a deterrent effect. Where the outcome was an assault offence, the estimated reduction in risk of re-offending was 1%. Where the outcome was a theft offence, the estimated reduction in the risk of reoffending was 0.07%. Neither result was statistically significant. The coefficients measuring the effect of supervision on the remaining two outcomes (use/possess amphetamine and use/possess any drug) were both positive and not statistically significant.

Correctional supervision does not appear to have been effective in New South Wales, Australia, in reducing the risk of reoffending among people convicted of amphetamine use/possession.

Correctional supervision does not appear to have been effective in New South Wales, Australia, in reducing the risk of reoffending among people convicted of amphetamine use/possession.

Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are common attendees of the intensive care unit (ICU). Early assessment of the prognosis for critically ill patients with AUD is conducive for formulating comprehensive treatment measures and improving survival rates. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) for 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with AUD.

2,884 patients with AUD were recruited retrospectively. Data from the MIMIC-III database were collected and analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff value of RDW. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models were used to evaluate prognostic factors.

Of the 2,884 patients, there were 344 nonsurvivors (11.9%). The nonsurvivors had a higher RDW than the survivors (p<0.001). According to ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve predicted by RDW for 28-day mortality was 0.728 (95% CI, 0.700 to 0.755) and the optimal cutoff value was 15.45% (sensitivity 67.2%; specificity 67.3%). Length of stay in ICU, length of stay in hospital, in-hospital mortality, and 28-day mortality in patients with an RDW>15.45% were significantly higher than in those with an RDW≤15.45% (p<0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that an RDW>15.45% was an independent prognostic indicator for 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with AUD (HR=1.964, 95% CI 1.429 to 2.698).

High RDW was associated with increased short-term mortality risks in critically ill patients with AUD.

High RDW was associated with increased short-term mortality risks in critically ill patients with AUD.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether Fushoku-byo and Shinsen-ro are eating disorders or not.

We completed a retrospective review of Fushoku-byo and Shinsen-ro during the Edo period (1603-1867) using the original books of these disorders written by Kampo doctors and compared these disorders with eating disorders in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

There were more than 50 patients with Fushoku-byo and Shinsen-ro during the Edo period, when Japan was closed to the rest of the world. More than 90% of them were young women. All patients demonstrated food restriction or avoidance that significantly impaired their physical health or psychosocial functioning. Kampo doctors did not mention any fat phobia and disturbed body image. They considered these disorders to be caused by psychological distress and recommended psychological treatment.

The finding in this study challenges some of the presumptions that the development of eating disorders in non-Western countries is attributed to modern Western influence. click here It is plausible that these patients could have been categorized as having unspecified feeding or eating disorder in the DSM-5, when the presence or absence of fat phobia and disturbed body image is unclear.

The finding in this study challenges some of the presumptions that the development of eating disorders in non-Western countries is attributed to modern Western influence. It is plausible that these patients could have been categorized as having unspecified feeding or eating disorder in the DSM-5, when the presence or absence of fat phobia and disturbed body image is unclear.WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? The quality of life (QoL) of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is a growing international concern. Many earlier studies report the determinants and correlates of QoL and functioning in people with SMI in Western countries. The QoL and functioning of Asian inpatients with SMI are largely unknown, particularly at the point where they have been assessed as being ready for hospital discharge. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE? Physical health, social functioning and community living skills, and negative symptoms are important areas of concern immediately pre-discharge. Social relationship related QoL, overall symptoms, unemployment, education level, living situation, physical illness and treatment duration predict functioning levels. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE? Mental health nurses should consider interventions beyond the traditional focus on psychopathology to improve functioning outcomes in people with SMI recently discharged from hospital. Inpatient servimptoms and the duration of receiving psychiatric services were statistically significant predictors of functioning levels. Discussion The findings may highlight a need for interventions beyond the traditional emphasis on psychiatric symptoms in order to improve functioning following an inpatient admission. Implications for practice Interventions to improve functioning in recently discharged people with SMI may need to be specifically designed to improve patients’ social relationships, support return to employment and minimise the risk of physical illness.