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Surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) is becoming a routine tool for patient positioning for specific clinical sites in many clinics. However, it has not yet gained its full potential in terms of widespread adoption. This vision paper first examines some of the difficulties in transitioning to SGRT before exploring the current and future role of SGRT alongside and in concert with other imaging techniques. Finally, future horizons and innovative ideas that may shape and impact the direction of SGRT going forward are reviewed.Women and men exhibit differences in behavior when making value-based decisions. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings, stressing differences in functional lateralization of the brain, functional activation, neurotransmitter involvement and more recently, sex hormones. While a significant interaction of neurotransmitter systems and sex hormones has been shown for both sexes, decision-making in women might be particularly affected by variations of ovarian hormones. learn more In this review we have gathered information from animal and human studies on how ovarian hormones affect decision-making processes in females by interacting with neurotransmitter systems at functionally relevant brain locations and thus modify the computation of decision aspects. We also review previous findings on impaired decision-making in animals and clinical populations with substance use disorder and depression, emphasizing how little we know about the role of ovarian hormones in aberrant decision-making.Clinical evidence has shown that a high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is a risk factor for developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. There has also been increasing interest in the potential effects of high-fructose intake on behavior. The present study evaluated sex differences in behavioral and metabolic characteristics in response to chronic fructose intake in mice. Swiss mice (3-months-old) had access to tap water or fructose-water solution (at 15% or 30% w/v) ad libitum for nine weeks. After the 8 weeks, the mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests. A glucose tolerance test was performed one day after these behavioral tests, and the next day blood was collected for biochemical analysis. At a 15% concentration, fructose-intaking resulted in higher plasma cholesterol levels and glucose intolerance in mice that paralleled with a passive stress-coping behavior in the female mice and lower self-care behavior in the male and the female mice. At a 30% concentration, fructose-intaking resulted in higher body mass gain and higher plasma cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the male and the female mice, whereas glucose intolerance was more pronounced in the male mice. Spatial memory impairments and lower self-care behavior were observed in the male and the female mice, while passive stress-coping behavior was observed only in the female mice. Collectively, high-fructose intake induces metabolic and behavioral alterations in mice, with the males being more susceptible to glucose metabolism dysfunctions and the females to depressive-like endophenotypes.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary GI and GL and risk of GDM in a group of pregnant women in Iran.

A number of 812 pregnant women were recruited in their first trimester in a prospective study. A validated 117-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes of participants at study baseline. Dietary GI and GL were calculated based on earlier publications. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a fasting plasma glucose concentration and a 50-g, 1-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28weeks of gestation. Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for GDM.

Mean±SD of age and BMI of study participants was 29.4±4.84 y and 25.14±4.08kg/m

, respectively at study baseline. Mean±SD of dietary GI was 58±7 and that of dietary GL was 176±42. Overall, 28.4% (n=231) of study population developed GDM at weeks 24-28 of pregnancy. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, we found that women in the highest tertile of dietary GL were 43% more likely to develop GDM than those in the lowest tertile (95% CI 1.01, 2.00; P-trend=0.03). However, no significant association was seen between dietary GI (RR for the highest tertile compared to the lowest 0.85; 95% CI 0.61, 1.20; P-trend=0.37), and risk of GDM.

We found that women with the highest dietary GL were at a greater risk of developing GDM during pregnancy. No significant association was seen between dietary GI and risk of GDM.

We found that women with the highest dietary GL were at a greater risk of developing GDM during pregnancy. No significant association was seen between dietary GI and risk of GDM.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect the lockdown imposed during COVID-19 outbreak on the glycemic control of people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) using Continuous (CGM) or Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM).

We retrospectively analyzed glucose reading obtained by FGM or CGM in T1D subjects. Sensor data from 2weeks before the lockdown (Period 0, P

), 2weeks immediately after the lockdown (period 1, P

), in mid-lockdown (Period 2, P

) and immediately after end of lockdown (Period 3, P

) were analyzed.

The study included 63 T1D patients, (FGM 52, 82%; CGM11, 18%). Sensor use (91%) were slightly reduced. Despite this reduction, Time in Range increased in P

(62%), P

(61%) and P

(62%) as compared to P

(58%, all p<0.05 or less) with concomitant reduction in the Time Above Range (P

38%; P

34%, P

34%, P

32%, all p<0.05 or less vs. P

). Average glucose and GMI improved achieving statistical difference in P

(165 vs. 158mg/dl, p=0.040 and 7.2% (55mmol/mol) vs. 7.0% (53mmol/mol), p=0.016) compared to P0. Time Below Range (TBR) and overall glucose variability remained unchanged. Bi-hourly analysis of glucose profile showed an improvement particularly in the early morning hours.

In T1D subjects with good glycemic control on CGM or FGM, the lockdown had no negative impact. Rather a modest but significant improvement in glycemic control has been recorded, most likely reflecting more regular daily life activities and reduces work-related distress.

In T1D subjects with good glycemic control on CGM or FGM, the lockdown had no negative impact. Rather a modest but significant improvement in glycemic control has been recorded, most likely reflecting more regular daily life activities and reduces work-related distress.