Activity

Mucormycoses are invasive infections by Rhizopus species and other Mucorales. Over 10 months, four solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at our centre developed mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus (n=2), R. arrhizus (n=1) or Lichtheimia corymbifera (n=1), at a median 31.5 days (range 13-34) post-admission. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 72 Mucorales isolates (45 R. arrhizus, 19 R. delemar, six R. microsporus, two Lichtheimia species) from these patients, from five patients with community-acquired mucormycosis, and from hospital and regional environments. Isolates were compared by core protein phylogeny and global genomic features, including genome size, guanine-cytosine percentages, shared protein families and paralogue expansions. Patient isolates fell into six core phylogenetic lineages (clades). Phylogenetic and genomic similarities of R. microsporus isolates recovered 7 months apart from two SOT recipients in adjoining hospitals suggested a potential common source exposure. However, isolates from other patients and environmental sites had unique genomes. Many isolates that were indistinguishable by core phylogeny were distinct by one or more global genomic comparisons. Certain clades were recovered throughout the study period, whereas others were found at particular time points. In conclusion, mucormycosis cases could not be genetically linked to a definitive environmental source. Comprehensive genomic analyses eliminated false associations between Mucorales isolates that would have been assigned using core phylogenetic or less extensive genomic comparisons. The genomic diversity of Mucorales mandates that multiple isolates from individual patients and environmental sites undergo WGS during epidemiological investigations. However, exhaustive surveillance of fungal populations in a hospital and surrounding community is probably infeasible.Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium responsible for the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea, has shown an extraordinary ability to develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to multiple classes of antimicrobials. With no available vaccine, managing N. gonorrhoeae infections demands effective preventive measures, antibiotic treatment and epidemiological surveillance. The latter two are progressively being supported by the generation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data on behalf of national and international surveillance programmes. In this context, this study aims to perform N. gonorrhoeae clustering into genogroups based on WGS data, for enhanced prospective laboratory surveillance. Particularly, it aims to identify the major circulating WGS-genogroups in Europe and to establish a relationship between these and AMR. Ultimately, it enriches public databases by contributing with WGS data from Portuguese isolates spanning 15 years of surveillance. A total of 3791 carefully inspected N. gonorrhoeae genomes froGS-based genogroups circulating in Europe, while facilitating the assessment (and continuous monitoring) of their frequency, geographical dispersion and potential association with specific AMR signatures. This strategy may benefit public-health actions through the prioritization of genogroups to be controlled, the identification of emerging resistance carriage, and the potential facilitation of data sharing and communication.An Electroencephalogram (EEG) is often tarnished by various categories of artifacts. Numerous efforts have been taken to improve its quality by eliminating the artifacts. The EEG involves the biological artifacts (ocular artifacts, ECG and EMG artifacts), and technical artifacts (noise from the electric power source, amplitude artifacts, etc.). From these physiological artifacts, ocular activities are one of the most well-known over other noise sources. ANA-12 nmr Reducing the risks of this event and avoid it is practically very difficult, even impossible, as the ocular activities are involuntary tasks. To trim down the effect of ocular artifacts overlapping with EEG signal and overwhelm the subjected flaws, few intelligent approaches have to be developed. This proposal tempts to implement a novel method for detecting and preventing ocular artifacts from the EEG signal. The developed model involves two main phases (a) Detection of Ocular artifacts and (b) Removal of ocular artifacts. For detecting the ocular artifacts, imized LWT suggests a potential possibility to accommodate the detection and removal of ocular artifacts that exist in the EEG signals.

To compare the

performance of different dentifrices indicated for dental erosion and a new dentifrice with controlled fluoride release system (NanoF) in terms of surface microhardness remineralization in enamel erosion lesions.

72 human enamel specimens were divided into 6 groups (

 = 12) PC (100% NaF – positive control); NC (Placebo – negative control); 50%nF (50% NanoF + 50% free NaF), 100%nF (100% NanoF); PN (Sensodyne

ProNamel™) and AG (Colgate

Sensitive Pro-Relief™). A surface microhardness analysis was performed before (SH

) and after (SH

) the erosion lesion formation. The blocks were submitted to a 5-day de-remineralization cycling model, consisting of 90 s immersion on 0.1% citric acid (4x/day) and 1 min treatment with dentifrice slurries along with 1 mL/block of human saliva (2x/day). Lastly, the final surface microhardness analysis (SH

) was measured and the percentage of surface microhardness remineralization (%SMH

) was calculated. Data were analysed with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (

 < .05).

Statistically significant differences were observed for SH

and %SMH

between NC and AG with the other groups (

 < .05). The best %SMH

from the experimental groups was found in 100%nF and PN.

Dentifrices with NanoF exhibited a surface microhardness remineralization similar to sodium fluoride (PC). Therefore, NanoF dentifrice can be an alternative to prevent and treat patients with dental erosion.

Dentifrices with NanoF exhibited a surface microhardness remineralization similar to sodium fluoride (PC). Therefore, NanoF dentifrice can be an alternative to prevent and treat patients with dental erosion.