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However, the result should be interpreted with cautions given the limited number and small samples of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this field, large diversity existing in different study designs and potential risk of bias. Future RCTs with high quality and large sample sizes are required to confirm our results. SUMMARY NPT, as a whole definition, has great potential to improve the cognition of the elderly with MCI. Our NMA ranking results suggest the effectiveness of the six NPTs to be ranked from best to worst as follows CS, PE, MI, MT, CT and CR. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.INTRODUCTION The electronic health record (EHR) has been identified as a potential site for gathering data about trainees’ clinical performance, but these data are not collected or organized for this purpose. Therefore, a careful and rigorous approach is required to explore how EHR data could be meaningfully used for assessment purposes. The purpose of this study was to identify EHR performance metrics that represent both the independent and interdependent clinical performance of Emergency Medicine (EM) trainees and explore how they might be meaningfully used for assessment and feedback. METHODS Using constructivist grounded theory, we conducted 21 semi-structured interview with EM faculty and residents. Participants were asked to identify the clinical actions of trainees that would be valuable for assessment and feedback and describe how those activities are represented in the EHR. Data collection and analysis, which consisted of three stages of coding, occurred iteratively. RESULTS When faculty and traineesrformance of trainees in order to most effectively and fairly utilize the EHR as a source of assessment data. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The process of luteal regression is tightly regulated by the immune system and chemokines – small cytokines responsible mostly for the activation and migration of immune cells. The role of chemokines in porcine corpus luteum (CL) function is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile and distribution of CC chemokines in the porcine CL during the natural estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Bobcat339 cell line Additionally, the effect of PGF2α on the expression of selected chemokines and their luteotropic and apoptotic influence on CL cells were studied in vitro. The expression levels of the chemokines CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 and the chemokine receptor CCR5 were time dependent (low on days 8-10 and high on days 12-14 of the estrous cycle). Moreover, CCL8 and CCR2 transcript levels were also elevated during the period of luteolysis. The immunolocalization of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 was determined using CL sections obtained from cycling and pregnant pigs. The immunofluorescence signals were localized mainly in luteal cells. PGF2α treatment of CL cells caused increased mRNA expression of CCL2 and CCR1. CCL2 treatment alone upregulated the expression of genes BAX, BCL2 and StAR in CL cells in vitro, but additional experiments showed that the chemokines CCL2, CCL4 and CCL5 alone do not cause apoptosis in a mixed population of CL cells. The chemokine CCL4 increased the transcript levels of StAR and HSD3-β1. Additionally, CCL5 led to the inhibition of BAX gene expression. The differential spatiotemporal expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCR5 throughout the estrous cycle and the direct but aberrant effect of these three chemokines on genes associated with apoptosis and progesterone synthesis indicate the complicated involvement of these factors in the regulation of luteolysis in pigs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Drawing from interviews of teachers and directors at three international medical training programs, and guided by a conceptual framework of themes in the literature, Brouwer et al. describe three areas of ethical concern in international medical education. First, faculty may believe international medical education is commodified when the goal of financial profitability leads to lower admission or training standards. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Pharmacological preconditioning of dexmedetomidine on small intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury has been reported in different animal models including horses. OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess if xylazine and lidocaine have a preconditioning effect in an experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia. STUDY DESIGN Terminal in vivo experiment. METHODS Ten horses under general anaesthesia were either preconditioned with xylazine (group X; n=5) or lidocaine (group L; n=5). A historical untreated control group (group C; n=5) was used for comparison. An established experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia was applied, and intestinal samples were taken pre-ischaemia, after ischaemia and following reperfusion. Histomorphological examination was performed based on a modified Chiu score. Immunohistochemical staining for cleaved-caspase-3, TUNEL and calprotectin were performed, and positive cell counts were expressed in cells/mm2 . RESULTS There was no progression of histomorphological mucosalell counts of caspase and calprotectin positive cells in group X may indicate a beneficial effect of xylazine on ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Due to the absence of a concurrent reduction of histomorphological injury, the clinical significance remains uncertain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A triangular-shaped La2O2CO3 nanosheets exposed the predominant (001) planes supported Pd catalyst (Pd/La2O2CO3-TNS) was successfully prepared using a facile solvothermal method. Pd/La2O2CO3-TNS catalysts not only exhibited excellent catalytic activity and recycling stability for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to hydrocinnamaldehyde (HCAL) with TOF of up to 41238 h-1 . This enhanced activity of Pd/La2O2CO3-TNS resulted from strong metal-support interactions (SMSI). Structure analysis and characterization demonstrated that surface oxygen-enriched La2O2CO3-TNS supports exposed (001) planes was beneficial to charge transfer between the Pd nanoparticles and triangle-shaped La2O2CO3 nanosheets and increases the electron density of Pd. Moreover, the modulated electron states of the Pd/La2O2CO3-TNS catalysts can enhance the adsorption and activation of hydrogen, leading to the enhanced hydrogenation activity. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.