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5%) were males and 31cases (58.5%) were females. Mean age of all the patients was 53.90 years. Twenty-nine patients (54.7%) had their right side involved, while the left side was involved in 23 patients (43.4%). In only one case (1.9%) there was bilateral involvement. Regarding tooth extraction unnecessary extraction were reported by 25 (47.1%) patients before they were diagnosed to have trigeminal neuralgia. The Maxillary first Premolar was the most common tooth extracted.

Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe painful condition of the maxillofacial region which can confuse the patient and the Dentist with toothache. Patient should be evaluated in detail to rule out trigeminal Neuralgia before tooth extraction.

Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe painful condition of the maxillofacial region which can confuse the patient and the Dentist with toothache. Patient should be evaluated in detail to rule out trigeminal Neuralgia before tooth extraction.

This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire for inpatient settings in Pakistan.

The SAQ short form (inpatient version) was translated with the back-translation technique into Urdu. The SAQ-Urdu was administered in three teaching hospitals in Pakistan to a sample of 483 front line healthcare personnel from August 2016 through December 2017. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure of the responses. Cronbach’s alphas and correlation coefficients were computed. Mean and percentage agreement scores for items were reported.

The response rate was 75%. Goodness-of-fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis showed a reasonable model fit (χ2=213.27, df=125, p<0.001; CFI 0.94, RMSEA 0.044). Cronbach’s alphas of survey factors (teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, perceptions of management, and working conditions) ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. In terms of mean percentage agreement scores, substantial variability was found at the clinical unit level.

The Urdu version of the SAQ showed satisfactory internal psychometric properties. The attitudes around patient safety considerably vary and indicate a need for improvement.

The Urdu version of the SAQ showed satisfactory internal psychometric properties. The attitudes around patient safety considerably vary and indicate a need for improvement.

This study was conducted to explore the occurrence of aggression, disruptive behavior and nature of self-concept among internally displaced and un-displaced children. This study also examines the effectiveness of art therapy and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique of behavior therapy in the treatment of psychological problems among internally displaced children.

In this cross-sectional study a semi-structured interview and Beck Youth Inventory for children and adolescents (2nd edition) were used for assessment. The sample comprised 192 internally displaced and 90 un-displaced children. After taking formal permission from head of the schools, internally displaced children were assessed in their schools arranged for them at Jalozi camp, whereas un-displaced children were assessed at different schools of settled areas in Peshawar. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze mean differences, standard deviation and t-values.

Results supported the hypothesis. Internally displaced children showed higher levels of aggression (39.38±6.60) with t (280) = 8.57, and disruptive behavior (40.97±3.90) with t (280) = 6.76, and lower levels of self-concept (48.71±8.31) with t (280) = -15.32.

Internally displaced children showed high levels of aggression and disruptive behavior, whereas their self-esteem was lower than the un-displaced children. This study also provides support to the idea that art therapy and technique of behavior therapy can be helpful in treatment of post trauma psychological issues in children.

Internally displaced children showed high levels of aggression and disruptive behavior, whereas their self-esteem was lower than the un-displaced children. This study also provides support to the idea that art therapy and technique of behavior therapy can be helpful in treatment of post trauma psychological issues in children.

The incidence of gall bladder diseases is increasing day by day in developing as well as developed countries. Most common gall bladder diseases include gallstones (cholelithiasis) and cancer of gall bladder.

To determine and compare the surgical incidence of gallstones on the basis of gender and age in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy in Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital (DHQ) Abbottabad.

This was a descriptive study which was carried out for a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017 in surgical unit of Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital Abbottabad on patients who had cholecystectomy secondary to symptomatic gall stone disease diagnosed on the basis of history and ultrasonography. Gallstones were then analysed for bilirubin, cholesterol, calcium and phosphate. The data was analysed by using SPSS Version 16.00.

In our research study 88% of patients were females while 11.8% were males, the mean age being 35.81±8.12 year. The frequencies of different types of gall stones were mixed type of stones 80.0% and cholesterol stones 20.0.

Cholecystectomy secondary to gallstones is more common in women of forty to sixty age groups as compared to men of same age. Majority of gall stones are of mixed type.

Cholecystectomy secondary to gallstones is more common in women of forty to sixty age groups as compared to men of same age. Majority of gall stones are of mixed type.

Respiratory tract infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in paediatric age group all over the world and especially in under developed regions. The present study was conducted with an aim to assess the burden and the types of respiratory illnesses in our region.

The study was a cross sectional study conducted at Paediatric A unit of Ayub teaching hospital from 1st October, 2018 to 31st March, 2019. All patients aged 1 month and above who required admission for various respiratory ailments were included in the study.

A total of 2255 patients were admitted in Paediatric A unit over a six months period. Of these, 603 (26.74%) patients were admitted with various respiratory problems and were included in the study. CIA1 mw Among these, 389 (64.5%) patients were male and 214 (35.5%) were female. Mean age of the participants was 18.77±30.87 months. The major disease categories were bronchopneumonia in 189 (31.3%), bronchiolitis in 176 (29.2%), measles pneumonia in 60 (10%), lobar pneumonia in 52 (8.