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Repetitive behaviors (RB) represent a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from sensory-motor stereotypies to complex cognitive rituals, frequently dichotomized as low- and high-order sub-groups of symptoms. Even though these subgroups are considered as phenomenologically distinct in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), brain imaging and genetic studies suggest that they have common mechanisms and pathways. This discrepancy may be explained by the frequent intellectual disability reported in ASD, which blurs the RB expressivity. Given the high heritability of RB, that is, the diversity of symptoms expressed in the relatives are dependent on those expressed in their probands, we hypothesize that if RB expressed in ASD or OCD are two distinct entities, then the RB expressed in relatives will also reflect these two dimensions. We thus conduct a linear discriminant analysis on RB in both the relatives of probands with ASD and OCD and subjects from the general population (n = 1023).cts the expression of the RB symptoms. To avoid this bias, we propose to consider the familial aggregation in ASD and OCD by exploring RB in the first-degree relatives of ASD and OCD. Our results highlight the existence of RB expressed in relatives compared to the general population, with a common pattern of symptoms in relatives of both ASD and OCD but also minor differences, specific to each of these two neuro-developmental disorders.We describe a catalytic method for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized aliphatic acid esters using silylperoxyacetals, which are versatile alkyl radical precursors with a terminal ester moiety. In the presence of an appropriate transition-metal catalyst, the in situ generation of alkyl radicals and the subsequent bond-forming process proceeds smoothly to afford synthetically valuable aliphatic acid derivatives. The present method can be applied to the efficient synthesis of a pharmaceutically important 1,1-diarylalkane motif. In addition, a novel strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse hydroxy acid derivatives via a C-O bond formation process that utilizes TEMPO has been developed.The present study aimed to identify the triatomine species and evaluate Trypanosoma cruzi infection in insects captured in endemic areas of Pará State, Brazil. Triatomines were captured in nine rural communities in the municipality of São Domingos do Capim in August, September and December 2014 using active searches and Malaise and Noireau traps. Additionally, from 2014 to 2018, residents and community health agents submitted captured triatomines to the study team. The analysis of T. cruzi infection in the insects was performed by direct parasitological examination and nested-PCR. selleck A total of 225 triatomines were captured and identified Rhodnius robustus (n = 111), Rhodnius pictipes (n = 54), Panstrongylus geniculatus (n = 44), Eratyrus mucronatus (n = 11), Panstrongylus lignarius (n = 4), and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (n = 1). Direct parasitological examination was performed in 27 living triatomines R. robustus (n = 14), P. geniculatus (n = 7) and R. pictipes (n = 6) and metacyclic trypomastigote forms similar to those of T. cruzi were observed in 66.6% (18/27) samples. Of 174 samples analysed by nested-PCR, 81.6% were positive for T. cruzi DNA R. robustus (84.7%; 72/85), R. pictipes (84.1%; 37/44), P. geniculatus (69.4%; 25/36), P. lignarius (100%; 4/4), E. mucronatus (75%; 3/4) and P. rufotuberculatus (100%; 1/1). R. robustus, R. pictipes and P. geniculatus were the main vectors of T. cruzi in the studied areas; however, the detection of infections in P. lignarius, E. mucronatus and P. rufotuberculatus indicated that these species can also act as potential vectors of T. cruzi in the study areas.

Nursing students report emotional distress and feelings of inadequacy to the complexity of palliative care. This study aimed to examine nursing students’ attainment of learning outcomes in palliative care through simulation and hospital placement.

A longitudinal, intervention study.

Fifty-five second-year bachelor nursing students participated. Three waves of assessments were performed (1) pretest; (2) postsimulation test and (3) postplacement test after the completion of the placement. Non-parametric Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test for paired samples was used to test for differences between assessments of knowledge, skills and competence before and after simulation, and between postsimulation and post hospital placement.

The results showed positive differences between pre- and postsimulation, indicating that learning outcomes were attained through simulation. However, negative differences between the postplacement test and postsimulation test scores indicated that the participants had practiced learning outcome from the simulation to a small degree during placement.

The results showed positive differences between pre- and postsimulation, indicating that learning outcomes were attained through simulation. However, negative differences between the postplacement test and postsimulation test scores indicated that the participants had practiced learning outcome from the simulation to a small degree during placement.Using social media, which provides ways to socialize and present oneself, has become normal for young people. Although previous research shows that self-presentation via social media is associated with a sense of identity, little attention has been given to the association with identity-development processes. Therefore, the present study examined these associations while controlling for offline self-presentation and tested the potential moderating effect of neuroticism. A sample of 647 Japanese young adults (401 women; Mean age = 22.70; SD age = 3.25) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire, including measures of identity-development processes, online and offline self-presentation, and neuroticism. A correlation analysis revealed that identity-development processes were associated with online surface-level self-presentation (SSP) but not online inner-level self-presentation (ISP). Further, a moderated regression analysis indicated that the negative associations between online ISP and identity processes were only found among those high in neuroticism.