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The effectiveness of standard, egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines (IIV4) may be reduced in adults ≥65 years of age, largely because of immunosenescence. An MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV3) and a high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3) offer older adults enhanced protection versus standard vaccines. This study compared the relative effectiveness of aIIV3 with IIV4 and HD-IIV3 in preventing influenza-related medical encounters over 2 US influenza seasons.

This retrospective cohort study included US patients ≥65 years vaccinated with aIIV3, IIV4, or HD-IIV3. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of influenza-related medical encounters. Data were derived from a large dataset comprising primary and specialty care electronic medical records linked with pharmacy and medical claims. read more Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were derived from an inverse probability of treatment-weighted sample adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, geographic region, vaccination week, and health status. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) was determined using the formula (% VE = 1 – ORadjusted) × 100.

In 2017-2018, cohorts included aIIV3, n = 524 223; IIV4, n = 917 609; and HD-IIV3, n = 3 377 860. After adjustment, 2017-2018 rVE of aIIV3 versus IIV4 was 18.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8-20.5); aIIV3 vs. HD-IIV3 was 7.7 (95% CI, 2.3-12.8). In 2018-2019, cohorts included aIIV3, n = 1 031 145; IIV4, n = 915 380; HD-IIV3, n = 3 809 601, with adjusted rVEs of aIIV3 versus IIV4 of 27.8 (95% CI, 25.7-29.9) and vs. HD-IIV3 of 6.9 (95% CI, 3.1-10.6).

In the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons in the United States, aIIV3 demonstrated greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters than IIV4 and HD-IIV3 in adults ≥65 years.

In the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons in the United States, aIIV3 demonstrated greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters than IIV4 and HD-IIV3 in adults ≥65 years.

Obesity is associated with the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and polyphenols have been shown to possess ameliorative effects against obesity-induced CVD risk factors. Rooibos (

) is rich in polyphenols, therefore we investigated the cardioprotective effects of aspalathin-rich green rooibos (GRT) on obesity-induced CVD risk factors in obese Wistar rats.

Adult male Wistar rats (

= 20 per group) were fed a control or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and treated with GRT (60 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Blood pressure was monitored throughout. Vascular reactivity was measured and Western blots of cell-signalling proteins (eNOS, AMPK and PKB) were performed in aortic tissues. Effects on oxidative stress were determined by measuring antioxidant enzyme activity and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS) levels in the liver.

HFD animals had (1) increased blood pressure, (2) impaired vasodilation, (3) attenuated PKB and AMPK expression, (4) decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, (5) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and (6) increased phosphorylated eNOS levels. Treatment with GRT extract significantly alleviated these obesity-induced CVD risk factors.

Supplementation with GRT extract alleviated cardiovascular risk factors in the HFD animals, suggesting a therapeutic potential for GRT in obesity-induced cardiovascular risk.

Supplementation with GRT extract alleviated cardiovascular risk factors in the HFD animals, suggesting a therapeutic potential for GRT in obesity-induced cardiovascular risk.We present the first cyclic five-membered triel(i) carbenoides E(AmIm) for E = Ga, In, Tl; AmIm = amido imidazoline-2-imine, which fill the current gap between four- and six-membered triel(i) carbenoides supported by HGiso and HNacNac. Ga(AmIm) can act as a strong σ-donor ligand in transition metal complexes, while the intermediacy of the Al(i) carbenoide Al(AmIm) is rationalised based on the isolation of an Al(iii) insertion product.β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), denoted as β-CD/AgNPs, were prepared by a simple one-pot method. Due to the inherent chirality of β-CD, the developed β-CD/AgNPs exhibited higher affinity toward l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) than d-tyrosine (d-Tyr), leading to serious aggregation of AgNPs in the presence of l-Tyr. Consequently, the l-Tyr induced aggregation of AgNPs can result in signal amplification in the differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) of l-Tyr, which can be applied for the electrochemical chiral discrimination of the Tyr enantiomers. Other chiral amino acids including tryptophan and phenylalanine can also be successfully discriminated with the β-CD/AgNPs, suggesting high universality of the developed chiral sensor.Structural investigations of three actinide(iv) 4-phosphoryl 1H-pyrazol-5-olate complexes (An = Th(iv), U(iv), Np(iv)) and their cerium(iv) analogue display the same metal coordination in the solid state. The mononuclear complexes show the metal centre in a square antiprismatic coordination geometry composed by the two O-donor atoms of four deprotonated ligands. Detailed solid state analysis of the U(iv) complex shows that dependent on the solvent used altered arrangements are observable, resulting in a change in the coordination polyhedron of the U(iv) metal centre to bi-capped trigonal prismatic. Further, single crystal analyses of the La(iii) and Ce(iii) complexes show that the ligand can also act as a neutral ligand by protonation of the pyrazolyl moiety. All complexes were comprehensively characterized by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. A single resonance in each of the 31P NMR spectra for the La(iii), Ce(iii), Ce(iv), Th(iv) and Np(iv) complex indicates the formation of highly symmetric complex species in solution. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) investigations provide evidence for the same local structure of the U(iv) and Np(iv) complex in toluene solution, confirming the observations made in the solid state.Intramolecular stereoselective annulation of o-cinnamyloxy chalcones provides two kinds of tricyclic benzofused cyclobutaoxepanones via the synthesized routes of DABCO/NBS (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane/N-bromosuccinimide)-mediated Baylis-Hillman type cyclization or low-pressure mercury (LP Hg) lamp-promoted photocontrolled [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Diversified reaction conditions have been investigated for one-pot facile, high-yield transformation.