Activity

h posterior circulation sICAS have higher recurrence risk than those with anterior circulation managed with medication alone. Further, posterior circulation lesion is an independent risk factor for recurrence in sICAS patients.Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom characterized as a brief inability to step or by short steps, which occurs when initiating gait or while turning, affecting over half the population with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several non-competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology and mechanism behind FoG. Yet, due to the complexity of FoG and the lack of a complete understanding of its mechanism, no clear consensus has been reached on the best treatment options. Moreover, most studies that aim to explore neural biomarkers of FoG have been limited to semi-static or imagined paradigms. One of the biggest unmet needs in the field is the identification of reliable biomarkers that can be construed from real walking scenarios to guide better treatments and validate medical and therapeutic interventions. Advances in neural electrophysiology exploration, including EEG and DBS, will allow for pathophysiology research on more real-to-life scenarios for better FoG biomarker identification and validation. The major aim of this review is to highlight the most up-to-date studies that explain the mechanisms underlying FoG through electrophysiology explorations. The latest methodological approaches used in the neurophysiological study of FoG are summarized, and potential future research directions are discussed.Background Cerebral autoregulation is crucial in traumatic brain injury, which might be used for determining the optimal intracranial pressure. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a cerebral vascular disease with features of high intracranial pressure. However, the autoregulatory mechanism of CVT remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the capacity of cerebral autoregulation in patients with CVT. Methods This study consecutively enrolled 23 patients with CVT and 16 controls from December 2018 to May 2019. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed by transfer function analysis (rate of recovery/phase/gain) using the spontaneous oscillations of the cerebral blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure. Results In total, 76 middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were investigated, including 44 MCAs in patients with CVT and 32 normal ones. The phase shift estimated in patients with CVT was significantly different from that of the controls (37.37 ± 36.53 vs. 54.00 ± 26.78, p = 0.03). The rate of recovery and gain in patients with CVT were lower than those in controls but without statistical significance. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first time that a study has indicated that patients with CVT were more likely to have impaired cerebral autoregulation. Hence, cautious blood pressure control is required in such patients to prevent hyper- or hypoperfusion.Background Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and microbial colonization are a worldwide serious threat for human health. Neurological patients with infections who undergo rehabilitation have a significantly poor recovery. The effect of microbial colonization on the functional outcome in severe acquired brain injury (sABI) subjects is still unclear. Aim The aim of this multicenter observational study was to describe the clinical impact of HAIs and colonization on the functional outcome of sABI subjects admitted to inpatient neurorehabilitation. Methods Patients were assigned to three groups infected (INF), not infected (noINF), and colonized (COL). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale, Disability Rating Scale, and modified Barthel Index (mBI) assessments were performed both at admission and discharge. Sunitinib Results Two hundred sixty-five (92 female/173 male) patients were enrolled 134 were assigned to INF, 63 to COL, and 68 to noINF. In the INF group, 231 culturized sABI patients obtained a similar functional outcome to that of subjects who had no infections, even if they needed a significantly higher LOS.Aims Knowledge regarding the most effective return to work (RTW) approaches after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is lacking. This trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of a combined cognitive and vocational intervention to treatment as usual (TAU) on RTW and work stability after TBI. Methods We performed a parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) at a TBI outpatient clinic at Oslo University Hospital (OUH), Norway. Patients with a history of mild-to-moderate TBI (n = 116) aged 18-60 were randomized (11) by an independent investigator to receive group-based compensatory cognitive training (CCT) and supported employment (SE) (n = 60) or TAU consisting of individualized multidisciplinary treatment (n = 56). Participants were enrolled 2-3 months post-injury. The nature of the intervention prevented blinding of patients and therapists, however, outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. The primary outcome measure was RTW at 3 and 6 months following study inclusion. Secondary outcomes were work pCT-SE vs. TAU up to 12 months. Clinical Trial Registration US National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier #NCT03092713.Objective To study the characteristics and risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis in populations at high risk of stroke in urban and rural areas of North China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate high stroke risk populations in representative urban and rural areas sampled from 12 regions of China. A pre-designed questionnaire, ultrasound, and laboratory examinations were performed to evaluate risk factors. Results A total of 30,175 patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was 54.53%, among which intimal thickening and plaque were 39.22 and 41.25%, respectively. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in the urban group was higher than in the rural group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender, age, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, atrial fibrillation, systolic blood pressure, and levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were the common independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in both groups.