Activity

Therefore, the focus of future work should be adapted to local conditions. Specifically, in the cities with lower-level GSEC, the policymakers should give top priority to break through the U-shaped inflection point as soon as possible and help enterprises to achieve pollution reduction by technical and financial subsidies. While in the cities with higher-level GSEC, the government should further strengthen its ER and encourage competition among enterprises by internal technological innovation. In addition, the government should try to avoid the negative effect of the “resource curse” trap, excessive financial leverage, and “race-to-the-bottom” phenomenon.It is well known that chloride ions could affect the oxidation kinetics and mechanism of contaminant based on SO4•- in the wastewater. Here, the degradation of an organic acid, fumaric acid (FA), was investigated in the presence of chloride (0-300 mM) by the Fe(II)/peroxymonosulfate (Fe(II)/PMS) system. A negative impact of chloride was observed on the rates of FA degradation. The degree of inhibitory effect was higher in Fe(II)/PMS addition order. Some chlorinated byproducts were identified during the FA oxidation process in the presence of Cl- by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS). With the increasing content of Cl-, an accumulation of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX), an increase in acute toxicity, and an inhibition of mineralization were observed. According to the results of kinetic modeling, the production and transformation of oxidative species were dependent on Cl- dosage and reaction time. SO4•- was supposed to be the main radical for FA degradation with Cl- concentration below 5 mM, whereas Cl2•- was primarily responsible for the depletion of FA at [Cl-] > 5 mM. A possible degradation pathway of FA was discussed. This study reveals the potential environmental risk of organic acid and is necessary to explore useful strategies for ameliorating the treatment of chloride-rich wastewater.From the perspective of supply chain, energy consumption is an aggregation of energy intensity, intermediate input ratio, and final demand. However, research on the role of intermediate input on energy consumption is rare. This paper disaggregates the complete demand model of China based on MRIO (multi-region input-output model) into final demands and intermediate demands, and applied a decomposition approach combining LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) and SDA (structural decomposition analysis) to evaluate the contribution of intermediate intensity, integrating the respective advantages of SDA and LMDI. The results show that both domestic and international intermediated intensities promote China’s energy consumption growth in most years. The reasons are as follows (1) the intermediate efficiency enhanced; (2) the final consumption structure shifted toward the more complex pattern; (3) the market demanded more energy-intensive final goods. All effects are positive except the energy intensity effect. Based on the consistency in aggregation of LMDI, we found that the aggregation of international effects is bigger than the aggregation of domestic effects, illustrating that international factors are the main driving force of China’s energy consumption. The research implies that the intermediate process deserves more attention for the mitigation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Improvement of intermediate efficiency and structure will be effective.Public participation in environmental management (PPEM) in China has become increasingly prominent; thus, investigating the factors that underlie participation by the Chinese public in environmental management is important. To this end, we adopted unique data for PPEM, which was measured based on environmental complaints logged by the telephone hotline set up by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China. We observed that PPEM greatly varied from one city to another, indicating significant spatial heterogeneity. In addition, complaints were mainly concentrated in four large regions, namely, the North China Plain, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. BP-1-102 purchase Next, a newly developed spatial heterogeneity analysis method, namely, geographical detector, was applied to investigate the driving factors of PPEM. From the factor detector analysis results, we confirmed that the economic level, energy consumption, urban population, college-educated population, wastewater, environmental risk, SO2 emissions, and PM2.5 concentrations were the dominant factors that caused citizens to voice environmental complaints. In addition, we noticed that moderately developed cities were the leading risk areas, which indicated that these cities had serious environmental pollution problems and their citizens actively voiced complaints. As economies continue to grow, the populations in these cities are projected to become more aware of environmental quality and will implement stricter regulations to protect the environment and lower complaints. Moreover, the interaction detector analysis results revealed that the interaction of urban and college-educated populations with other factors played more important roles in affecting PPEM.Accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in marine organisms poses an imminent environmental threat and health risk due to the possibility of trophic transfer of accumulated MPs in ecologically important food chains. In this context, a field-level study was conducted on the fishing grounds of the north eastern part of the Arabian Sea through experimental fishing, and the gastrointestinal tracts (GT) of three different species of shrimps (n=180) were examined for the incidence of microplastics. The results showed that all shrimp caught from the fishing grounds had significant levels of MPs in the gastrointestinal tracts. A total number of 1220 microplastic items were recorded from the pooled samples, with an average of 6.78 ± 2.80 items per individual. The gastrointestinal tract showed an average number of 70.32 ± 34.67 MPs per gram of the gut material. The MPs with the size range of 100-250 μm were the most abundant form found in the shrimp species analyzed. Among the colored MP particles, black color was the most dominant (30.