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The interplay between pulmonary and endocrine systems modify and influence the pathogenesis and manifestation of several disease processes. Endocrine dysfunctions predispose to numerous pulmonary disorders, including various respiratory infections. On the other hand, pulmonary conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnoea can produce critical metabolic and endocrine derangements. Varied manifestations such as primary adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis and hypercalcaemia can result from chronic granulomatous conditions like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Various endocrine consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 are also getting apparent during the pandemic. Tumours of the lung can secrete different hormones that give rise to several endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. This review focuses on the clinically relevant interaction between these two diverse but interrelated systems. We suggest the portmanteau term “pulmocrinology” to delineate the multifaceted relationship evident in pathophysiology, clinical features and therapeutics of various pulmonary and endocrine disorders.A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the adoptability of CK-19 as a routine diagnostic assay and potential prognostic marker following disseminated oral squamous cell carcinoma in Pakistani population. The current descriptive study was conducted at Isra Dental College Hospital, Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Suspected patients of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), who visited the Isra Dental College Hospital’s outpatient department from January 2014 up to January 2015 with four year follow up (from January 2015 up to December 2019), were included after ethical approval of the Institutional board. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Sixty cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were selected for CK-19 quantification by using PCR before and after incisional biopsy. Of the 60 included subjects, fifty-two (87 %) were male, whereas only 8 were female. The mean age of females was 43.2±21.5years and the mean age of males was 36.14±14.1years. Of the 12 CK-19 positive cases, only seven cases of OSCCs were found positive following four year follow up duration. Our study shows that CK-19 has a positive (20%) prognostic potential for diagnosing disseminated carcinomas (p=0.0001). Before adopting CK-19 as a routine laboratory assay for diagnosing disseminated carcinomas, proper research is required to fulfil existing knowledge gap and standardising clinical and histopathological criteria for disseminating OSCCs in parallel to CK-19 concentration.This clinical analysis of 125I seed implantation combined with Apatinib in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer with negative driving genes was retrospectively performed on 19 patients in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, from January 2018 to May 2019. Twelve cases were treated with Apatinib after 125I implantation, while the other seven were treated with 125I implantation only. IL-2R, IL-6 and TNF-α before and after the treatment, imaging changes every two months and related side effects were recorded. After the treatment, IL-2R, IL-6 and TNF-α of all the patients decreased in the first month, which was more obvious in combined therapy patients; the total effective rate in combined therapy patients was significantly higher than the others. There were no fatal complications, and all the side-effects were well tolerated by medical treatment. It shows that 125I seed implantation combined with Apatinib is effective and safe in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer.Pakistan is an agricultural country where fodder cutter (Tokka) is a commonly used machine on the farms. PF-2545920 price While using it, farmers often meet with accidents causing injuries which are disastrous, and mainly involve the young generation often causing lifelong disability. This is a hospital-based case series, conducted from June 2018 to January 2019 in the Department of Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. For this study the patient’s demographic data, site of injury, procedure performed and post-operative outcome were recorded. The study includes a total of 30 cases of tokka injury, (23 males and 07 females) with median age of 25 years. Most commonly injured part of the body was the upper limb, in 26 patients, while the lower limb was involved in 2 patients. There were 18 amputations, 8 stumps formation and 4 debridements. Out of the 18, 9 had to be amputated at the wrist, and 9 amputations were performed higher than the wrist. Post-op recovery was uneventful in all cases. Measures such as safer machine design and education of farmers about the safety procedures can significantly avoid these tragedies.Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an uncommon but fatal condition and can cause bleeding from abnormal connection between artery and vein. Pregnancy after embolization of uterine AVM is very uncommon, and there are increased risks of spontaneous abortion and growth retardation. We report a case of pregnancy after bilateral uterine artery embolization for AVM and its successful outcome..An 11-year-old girl, a known case of left crossed fused renal ectopia and sacral hypoplasia presented to the gynaecological OPD in Karachi, Pakistan, in February 2019 with complaints of abdominal pain. On examination, she was found to have a septum covering her vaginal orifice. She was subsequently diagnosed with haematocolpos secondary to imperforate hymen. Incision and drainage was done. However, despite surgical management, she continued to have recurrent formation of haematocolpos for the next two months secondary to multiple complete and partial transverse vaginal septa and post-operative formation of adhesions. Definitive management was done with ultrasound guided needle puncture and drainage, followed by post-operative tampon use to maintain patency.Surgically induced scleritis (SIS) is a rare complication after a variety of ocular surgeries. Majority of the patients had had two or more surgical procedures before the onset of SIS. We report a patient who developed bilateral diffuse scleritis after unilateral cataract surgery. A 64-year-old man presented with red eye and tenderness in the right eye. An uneventful cataract surgery had been conducted in the right eye 5 months earlier. He had lost vision in the left eye 25 years ago, and there had been no ocular symptoms in both the eyes for the previous 20 years. Scleritis of the right eye appeared 5 months after cataract surgery, and scleritis of the left eye developed three months later. No previous reports referred to the possibility that the right eye surgery could induce scleritis in the left eye. Our case implies that surgical trauma in one eye can induce scleritis in both the eyes with a history of severe inflammation.