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Among them, Pb1 and Pb4 were prevalent in diverse Brassica crops in the southern and northern regions of China. Epigenetics inhibitor Pb12, Pb13, Pb14, and Pb16 showed area-specific distribution. The SCD set developed herein will provide important genetic resources for pathogenicity studies of P. brassicae and for CR breeding in Chinese cabbage and other Brassica crops.Sugars play a key role in fruit quality, as they directly influence taste, and thus consumer acceptance. Carbohydrates are the main resources needed by the plant for carbon and energy supply and have been suggested to be involved in all the important developmental processes, including embryogenesis, seed germination, stress responses, and vegetative and reproductive growth. Recently, considerable progresses have been made in understanding regulation of fruit ripening mechanisms, based on the role of ethylene, auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, or jasmonic acid, in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the role of sugar and its associated molecular network with hormones in the control of fruit development and ripening is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on sugar signaling mechanisms described up to date in fruits, describing their involvement in ripening-associated processes, such as pigments accumulation, and their association with hormone transduction pathways, as well as their role in stress-related responses.Phytochemicals or secondary metabolites present in fruit are key components contributing to sensory attributes like aroma, taste, and color. In addition, these compounds improve human nutrition and health. Stone fruits are an important source of an array of secondary metabolites that may reduce the risk of different diseases. The first part of this review is dedicated to the description of the main secondary organic compounds found in plants which include (a) phenolic compounds, (b) terpenoids/isoprenoids, and (c) nitrogen or sulfur containing compounds, and their principal biosynthetic pathways and their regulation in stone fruit. Then, the type and levels of bioactive compounds in different stone fruits of the Rosaceae family such as peach (Prunus persica), plum (P. domestica, P. salicina and P. cerasifera), sweet cherries (P. avium), almond kernels (P. dulcis, syn. P. amygdalus), and apricot (P. armeniaca) are presented. The last part of this review encompasses pre- and postharvest treatments affecting the phytochemical composition in stone fruit. Appropriate management of these factors during pre- and postharvest handling, along with further characterization of phytochemicals and the regulation of their synthesis in different cultivars, could help to increase the levels of these compounds, leading to the future improvement of stone fruit not only to enhance organoleptic characteristics but also to benefit human health.Soybean emergence and yield may be affected by many factors. A better understanding of the cultivar x sowing date x environment interactions could shed light into the competitiveness of soybean with other crops, notably, to help manage major biotic and abiotic factors that limit soybean production. We conducted a 2-year field experiments to measure emergence dynamics and final rates of three soybean cultivars from different maturity groups, with early and conventional sowing dates and across three locations. We also measured germination parameter values of the three soybean cultivars from different maturity groups under controlled experiments to parametrize the SIMPLE crop emergence model. This allowed us to assess the prediction quality of the model for emergence rates and to perform simulations. Final emergence rates under field conditions ranged from 62% to 92% and from 51% to 94% for early and conventional sowing, respectively. The model finely predicted emergence courses and final rates (root mean squarelikely to affect soybean emergence in South-West of France and therefore may represent an important agronomic lever to escape summer drought that markedly limit soybean yield in this region.Bacterial blight (BB) is an important constraint on achieving a high and stable rice grain yield. An increasing number of BB resistance (R) genes have been identified and cloned to increase the available options for rice disease resistance breeding. However, it is necessary to understand the distribution of R genes in rice varieties for rational distribution and breeding. Here, we genotyped five R genes, i.e. Xa4, Xa7, Xa21, Xa23, and Xa27, in seventy main cultivars from Guangdong Province, South China using the corresponding specific markers. Our results showed that 61 varieties carried Xa4, only three varieties carried Xa27, and Xa7, Xa21, or Xa23 was not detected in all tested varieties. Notably, only 33 varieties exhibited resistance to pathotype IV Xoo strains. These results indicate that Xa4 is no longer suitable for widespread use in rice breeding, although Xa4 is widely present in tested varieties. Remarkably, the strongly virulent BB strains of pathotype IX evolved quickly in southern China, and Xa23 was found to effectively confer resistance against the pathotype IX strains. Subsequently, we successfully bred two novel inbred rice varieties as also being restorer lines and two photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) lines using the broad-spectrum resistance gene Xa23 through marker-assisted selection (MAS) combined with phenotypic selection. All of the developed lines and derived hybrids exhibited enhanced resistance to BB with excellent yield performance. Our research may potentially facilitate both of the inbred and hybrid rice disease resistance breeding.Microalgae are promising feedstocks for starch production, which are precursors for bioenergy and chemicals manufacturing. Though starch biosynthesis has been intensively studied in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, regulatory mechanisms governing starch metabolism in this model species have remained largely unknown to date. We proposed that altering triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis may trigger intrinsic regulatory pathways governing starch metabolism. In accordance with the hypothesis, it was observed in this study that overexpression of the plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase gene (i.e. LPAAT1) in C. reinhardtii significantly enhanced TAG biosynthesis under nitrogen (N)-replete conditions, whereas the starch biosynthesis was enhanced in turn under N depletion. By the exploitation of transcriptomics analysis, a putative regulatory gene coding Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT19) was identified, which was up-regulated by 11-12 times in the CrLPAAT1 OE lines. Overexpression of the cloned full-length CrGNAT19 cDNA led to significant increase in the starch content of C.