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Moreover, treatment with G-1 mimicked E2 effects on spatial learning and memory. Marijuana impaired spatial learning and memory in intact-ovary rats, while improved in OVX rats. We also found that treatment with M + E2 induced significant impairment in spatial learning and memory; however, treatment with M + G1 and M + G15 + E2 showed no significant difference. learn more No significant differences in BDNF expression were observed in experimental groups. These results suggest that marijuana and E2 interact in their effect on spatial learning and memory in young female rats, but GPR30 seems to play no role in this interaction.

Gastric neoplasms in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis occur at a high rate and can cause death. The endoscopic findings of gastric neoplasms in these patients are characteristic, but not well recognized. To identify the relevant characteristics to enable early detection, we retrospectively investigated endoscopic findings of gastric neoplasms in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, then compared the clinical, histopathological, and genetic features among subgroups.

Of 234 patients with 171 pedigrees at 2 institutes, 56 (24%) cases (133 gastric neoplasms) with 44 pedigrees were examined. Immunostaining was performed for histopathological evaluation by one blinded pathologist. According to the endoscopic findings, gastric neoplasms were divided into 4 types (L, UM-W, UM-T, and UM-R) and their clinicopathological features were examined.

Of the cases, 93% could be classified into a single type. Among histological phenotypes, high-grade dysplasia was present in 26% (Type L), 41% (Type UM-W), 0% (Type UM-T), and 22% (Type UM-R). The immunological phenotype comprised the gastric type in 69% (93% in Type UM); it comprised the intestinal phenotype, including the mixed type, in 31% (61% in Type L). Moreover, 96% of the patients had concurrent duodenal neoplasms. Adenomatous polyposis coli gene status was identified in 93% of the patients; the pathogenic variant was detected in 98% but did not influence any endoscopic features.

Gastric neoplasms in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were stratified into 4 types according to their endoscopic findings. The endoscopic phenotype was related to the histopathological phenotype, but not to germline variants.

Gastric neoplasms in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were stratified into 4 types according to their endoscopic findings. The endoscopic phenotype was related to the histopathological phenotype, but not to germline variants.Sarcopenia is one of the most common features of cirrhosis, contributing to morbidity and mortality in this population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MLT) and exercise (EX) on the quadriceps muscle in rats with biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). We used 48 males (mean weight = 300 g), divided into eight groups. A 20 mg/Kg MLT dose was administered via i.p. (1 x daily), and the EX, the animals were set to swim in couples for 10 min each day. Upon completion, blood, liver, and quadriceps samples were taken for analysis. In the liver enzymes analysis and comet assay results, a reduction was observed in the groups treated with MLT with/or EX comparing to the BDL group. In the evaluation of substances that react to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitric oxide levels (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (TNF-α), there was a significant increase in the BDL group and a reduction in the treated groups. In the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and interleukin-10 levels (IL-10) concentrations, there was a significant increase in the treated groups of the BDL group. Histological analysis revealed muscle hypotrophy in the BDL group in comparison with the control group (CO) and increased muscle mass in the treated groups. There was an increase in weight gain and phase angle in the groups treated with MLT with/or EX comparing to the BDL group. We suggest that treatments may contribute to the reduction of muscle changes in cirrhotic patients.

To evaluate the prognostic impact of gastrointestinal involvement on the survival of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis(GI-LCH) registered with the international clinical trials of the Histiocyte Society.

This was a retrospective analysis of 2414 pediatric patients registered onto the consecutive trials DAL-HX 83, DAL-HX 90, LCH-I, LCH-II, and LCH-III.

Among the 1289 patients with single-system LCH, there was no single case confined to the GI tract; 114 of 1125 (10%) patients with multisystem LCH (MS-LCH) had GI-LCH at initial presentation. GI-LCH was significantly more common in children aged <2years at diagnosis (13% vs 6% in those aged >2years; P<.001) and in those with risk organ involvement (15% vs 6% in those without risk organ involvement; P<.001). The 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients without risk organ involvement was excellent irrespective of GI disease (98% vs 97% in patients with GI-LCH; P=.789). In patients with risk organ involvement, the 5-year OS was 51% in 70 patients with GI-LCH vs 72% in 394 patients without GI-LCH (P<.001).

GI-LCH has an additive unfavorable prognostic impact in children with MS-LCH and risk organ involvement. The emerding need for more intensive or alternative treatments mandates prospective evaluation.

GI-LCH has an additive unfavorable prognostic impact in children with MS-LCH and risk organ involvement. The emerding need for more intensive or alternative treatments mandates prospective evaluation.

Direct cardiac reprogramming represents an attractive way to reversing heart damage caused by myocardial infarction because it removes fibroblasts, while also generating new functional cardiomyocytes. Yet, the main hurdle for bringing this technique to the clinic is the lack of efficacy with current reprogramming protocols. Here, we describe our unexpected discovery that DMSO is capable of significantly augmenting direct cardiac reprogramming in vitro.

Upon induction with cardiac transcription factors- Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c and Tbx5 (GHMT), the treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with 1% DMSO induced ~5 fold increase in Myh6-mCherry+ cells, and significantly upregulated global expression of cardiac genes, including Myh6, Ttn, Nppa, Myh7 and Ryr2. RNA-seq confirmed upregulation of cardiac gene programmes and downregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes. Treatment of TGF-β1, DMSO, or SB431542, and the combination thereof, revealed that DMSO most likely targets a separate but parallel pathway other than TGF-β signalling.