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9 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) -8.1 to 0.3] and diastolic pressure (-3.5 mmHg [95% [CI] -6.4-0.5]), with a higher magnitude during the night (-5.5 and -4.9 mmHg, respectively). The CPAP adherent group needed a mean of 1.1 less antihypertensive drugs (particularly spironolactone). Finally, there was a positive correlation between the drop in 24-h SBP and the hours of CPAP use (r = 0.24; P = 0.01).

Good adherence to long-term CPAP treatment largely succeeded in significantly reducing BP in those patients with OSA and resistant hypertension, despite the use of a lower number of antihypertensive drugs.

Good adherence to long-term CPAP treatment largely succeeded in significantly reducing BP in those patients with OSA and resistant hypertension, despite the use of a lower number of antihypertensive drugs.Hypertension management is challenging in frail older adults. The balance between treatment risks and benefits may be difficult to achieve due to an increased vulnerability to treatment-related adverse events, and limited evidence is available to support clinical decisions. The effects of frailty on blood pressure are unclear, as well as its impact on antihypertensive treatment benefits. Appropriate blood pressure targets in frail patients are debated and the frailty measure which best inform clinical decisions in hypertensive patients has yet to be identified. Therefore, hypertension management in frail older adults still represents a ‘gap in evidence’. Knowledge of currently available literature is a fundamental prerequisite to develop future research and may help to implement frailty assessment and improve hypertension management in this vulnerable population. Given these premises, we present a narrative review illustrating the most relevant issues that are a matter of debate and that should be addressed in future studies.

The radial artery pulse waveform is a continuous measure of pressure throughout the cardiac cycle, and thus can provide more information than just systolic and diastolic blood pressures. New indices based on a Windkessel model of the waveform, PTC1 and PTC2, are related to arterial compliance and add information for prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction) but their association with heart failure is unknown.

Among 6229 adults (mean age 62 years) from four race/ethnic groups who were initially free of clinical cardiovascular disease and heart failure in 2000-2002, we evaluated the associations of baseline PTC1 and PTC2 with incident heart failure.

Mean ± standard deviation PTC1 and PTC2 were 394 ± 334 and 94 ± 46 ms, respectively. During a median of 15.7 years follow-up, there were 357 heart failure events (148 with reduced, 150 with preserved, and 59 with unknown ejection fraction). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the hazard ratio for heart failure per 1 standard deviation higher PTC2 was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.63–0.85). ML133 Potassium Channel inhibitor Higher PTC2 was also significantly associated with lower risk of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (hazard ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.80). There was no evidence of a significant association between PTC2 and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or between PTC1 and heart failure.

The PTC2 measure of the radial artery pulse waveform may represent a novel phenotype related to heart failure, especially heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

The PTC2 measure of the radial artery pulse waveform may represent a novel phenotype related to heart failure, especially heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

To evaluate the prognostic importance of short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) for the occurrence of macrovascular and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Six hundred and forty patients had 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring performed at baseline and were followed-up over a median of 11.2 years. Daytime, night-time and 24-h SBP and DBPV parameters (standard deviations and variation coefficients) were calculated. Multivariate Cox analysis, adjusted for risk factors and mean BPs, examined the associations between BPV and the occurrence of microvascular (retinopathy, microalbuminuria, renal function deterioration, peripheral neuropathy) and macrovascular complications [total cardiovascular events (CVEs), major adverse CVEs [MACEs]), and cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities. Improvements in risk discrimination were assessed by the C-statistic and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) index.

During follow-up, 186 patients had a CVE (150 MACEs), and 237 patients died (1ents with diabetes.

The evidence on the epidemiology of hypertension in Greece is limited. The prevalence and control of hypertension was assessed in randomly selected adults of the general population in Greece within the nationwide epidemiological study EMENO.

On the basis of 2011 census, EMENO applied a multistage stratified random sampling method involving 577 areas throughout Greece (2013-2016). Participants were assessed at home visits with standardized questionnaires, blood tests and triplicate seated blood pressure (BP) measurements (validated upper-arm automated oscillometric device Microlife BPA100 Plus). Hypertension was defined as BP at least 140/90 mmHg (average of second–third measurement) and/or use of antihypertensive drugs. Sampling weights were applied for study design and post-stratification weights to match the age/sex distribution to the general population in Greece. Nonresponse was adjusted by inverse probability weighting.

A total of 6006 individuals were recruited and 4699 with valid data were analyat reducing the rate cardiovascular diseases.

To characterize the true position of in-the-bag intraocular lenses (IOLs) relative to the limbus using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and estimate scleral sutured IOL positioning.

This prospective single center study included 70 eyes of 41 patients with in-the-bag posterior chamber IOLs. Four vertical UBM captures were performed in each eye in the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants. Post-operative biometric data were collected. The primary outcome was the vertical distance of the in-the bag IOL from the sclero-corneal limbus. Secondary outcomes included anterior shift and refractive change of a theoretical scleral sutured IOL using sclerotomies at 2.5mm and 3mm posterior to the limbus.

A total of 265 UBM images were analyzed, including 64 superior, 69 inferior, 66 nasal and 66 temporal. The true in-the-bag IOL position measured as distance posterior to the sclero-corneal limbus was 4.23 mm ± 0.56 mm superiorly, 4.22 ± 0.46 mm inferiorly, 3.95 ± 0.48 mm nasally and 3.86 ± 0.52 mm temporally.