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Consequently, quantifying the stresses in the various components of the track structure resulting from sudden temperature drops and evaluating the relative displacements between the rails and the track bed resulting from high-temperature are helpful in the design of ballastless track structures for high-speed railway lines.Introduction There are a lack of established guidelines for the surveillance of high-risk cutaneous melanoma patients following initial therapy. We describe a novel approach to the development of a national expert recommendation statement on high-risk melanoma surveillance (HRS). Methods A consensus-based, live, online voting process was undertaken at the 13th and 14th annual Canadian Melanoma Conferences (CMC) to collect expert opinions relating to “who, what, where, and when” HRS should be conducted. Initial opinions were gathered via audience participation software and used as the basis for a second iterative questionnaire distributed online to attendees from the 13th CMC and to identified melanoma specialists from across Canada. A third questionnaire was disseminated in a similar fashion to conduct a final vote on HRS that could be implemented. Results The majority of respondents from the first two iterative surveys agreed on stages IIB to IV as high risk. Surveillance should be conducted by an appropriate specialist, irrespective of association to a cancer centre. Frequency and modality of surveillance favoured biannual visits and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET/CT) with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among the systemic imaging modalities available. No consensus was initially reached regarding the frequency of systemic imaging and ultrasound of nodal basins (US). The third iterative survey resolved major areas of disagreement. A 5-year surveillance schedule was voted on with 92% of conference members in agreement. Conclusion This final recommendation was established following 92% overall agreement among the 2020 CMC attendees.Trichophyton isolates with reduced susceptibility to antifungals are now increasingly reported worldwide. We therefore studied the molecular epidemiology and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of Greek Trichophyton isolates over the last 10 years with the newly released EUCAST reference method for dermatophytes. Literature was reviewed to assess the global burden of antifungal resistance in Trichophyton spp. The in vitro susceptibility of 112 Trichophyton spp. molecularly identified clinical isolates (70 T. rubrum, 24 T. mentagrophytes, 12 T. interdigitale and 6 T. tonsurans) was tested against terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole and amorolfine (EUCAST E.DEF 11.0). Isolates were genotyped based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and the target gene squalene epoxidase (SQLE) was sequenced for isolates with reduced susceptibility to terbinafine. All T. rubrum, T. interdigitale and T. tonsurans isolates were classified as wild-type (WT) to all antifungals, whereas 9/24 (37.5%) T. selleck inhibitor mentagrophytes strains displayed elevated terbinafine MICs (0.25-8 mg/L) but not to azoles and amorolfine. All T. interdigitale isolates belonged to ITS Type II, while T. mentagrophytes isolates belonged to ITS Type III* (n = 11), VIII (n = 9) and VII (n = 4). All non-WT T. mentagrophytes isolates belonged to Indian Genotype VIII and harbored Leu393Ser (n = 5) and Phe397Leu (n = 4) SQLE mutations. Terbinafine resistance rates ranged globally from 0-44% for T. rubrum and 0-76% for T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes with strong endemicity. High incidence (37.5%) of terbinafine non-WT T. mentagrophytes isolates (all belonging to ITS Type VIII) without cross-resistance to other antifungals was found for the first time in Greece. This finding must alarm for susceptibility testing of dermatophytes at a local scale particularly in non-responding dermatophytoses.This review discusses the roles of anion exchange membrane (AEM) as a solid-state electrolyte in fuel cell and electrolyzer applications. It highlights the advancement of existing fabrication methods and emphasizes the importance of radiation grafting methods in improving the properties of AEM. The development of AEM has been focused on the improvement of its physicochemical properties, including ionic conductivity, ion exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling ratio, etc., and its thermo-mechano-chemical stability in high-pH and high-temperature conditions. Generally, the AEM radiation grafting processes are considered green synthesis because they are usually performed at room temperature and practically eliminated the use of catalysts and toxic solvents, yet the final products are homogeneous and high quality. The radiation grafting technique is capable of modifying the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains to control the ionic properties of membrane as well as its water uptake and swelling ratio without scarifying its mechanical properties. Researchers also showed that the chemical stability of AEMs can be improved by grafting spacers onto base polymers. The effects of irradiation dose and dose rate on the performance of AEM were discussed. The long-term stability of membrane in alkaline solutions remains the main challenge to commercial use.Gp.Mur is a clinically relevant antigen of the MNS blood group system that is highly prevalent in several Asian populations. Its corresponding antibody, anti-Gp.Mur, has been implicated in hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Currently, identifying and confirming anti-Gp.Mur antibody presence in sera via agglutination of a panel of red blood cells (RBCs) is inefficient and difficult to quantify. Using a baculovirus expression system to express Gp.Mur antigen on insect cell surfaces, we have developed a quantitative cell-based system to confirm the presence of anti-Gp.Mur antibody in human serum. We obtained 10 serum samples preidentified as having anti-Gp.Mur antibody and another 4 samples containing noncorresponding antibodies from hospital patients. Insect cells displaying Gp.Mur antigen successfully adsorbed anti-Gp.Mur antibody in the sera and inhibited the RBC agglutination mediated by this antibody. By varying the concentration of Gp.Mur-displaying cells, we could grade levels of RBC agglutination by anti-Gp.