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Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) injuries seldom occur in isolation and majority occurs in conjugation with other ligament injuries. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) reconstruction continues to be taken into consideration as a complicated surgical procedure, with heterogeneity in literature regarding clinical and functional outcomes in isolated PCL and combined ACL and PCL injuries.

The retrospective evaluation of patients with isolated PCL reconstruction (group 1) and combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and PCL reconstruction (group 2) was performed. A total of 66 patients with either isolated PCL or combined ACL and PCL reconstruction surgeries that met the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. These patients were assessed for functional outcome scores including Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner activity score at a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

The mean follow-up of patients was 82.09±12.43 months in group 1 and 79.36±11.24 months in group 2, with a total of 29 patients in group 1 and 21 patients in group 2. Both the groups were found to be comparable in terms of age, gender, duration of injury and pre-injury Tegner activity level. Post-surgical functional outcome scores (WOMAC score, Lysholm score and Tegner score) were found to be comparable between 2 groups at a mean follow-up of 5 years. Further, 22 patients in group 1 and 16 patients in group 2 had normal or near normal objective IKDC outcome scores at a mean follow-up of 5 years.

No differences were observed in functional outcome scores (WOMAC score, Lysholm score, Tegner score and IKDC score) between isolated reconstructed PCL and combined ACL and PCL reconstructed patients.

No differences were observed in functional outcome scores (WOMAC score, Lysholm score, Tegner score and IKDC score) between isolated reconstructed PCL and combined ACL and PCL reconstructed patients.

Lung metastases are a negative prognostic factor in Ewing sarcoma, however, the incidence and significance of sub-centimetre pulmonary nodules at diagnosis is unclear. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the incidence of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) in patients diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma (2); establish the impact of IPNs on overall and metastasis-free survival and (3) identify patient, oncological and radiological factors that correlate with poorer prognosis in patients that present with IPNs on their staging chest CT.

Between 2008 and 2016, 173 patients with a first presentation of Ewing sarcoma of bone were retrospectively identified from an institutional database. Staging and follow-up chest CTs for all patients with IPN were reviewed by a senior radiologist. Clinical and radiologic course were examined to determine overall- and metastasis-free survival for IPN patients and to identify demographic, oncological or nodule-specific features that predict which IPN represent true lung me to detect a difference in overall- or metastasis-free survival between patients with IPN at diagnosis and patients with normal staging chest CTs.

Retrospective study.

To evaluate the functional, neurological and radiological outcomes of posterior

-facetal decompression and stabilisation in tuberculous spondylodiscitis patients with neuro-deficit.

Spinal tuberculosis mainly involves anterior column and for that anterior approach has been the most frequently used surgical technique in the past as it allows direct access to the infected tissue providing a good decompression. However, anterior surgery is associated with higher morbidity which can be reduced by posterior

-facetal approach.

The study included 100 Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis patients with neuro-deficit who underwent posterior

-facetal decompression and stabilisation from 2009 to 2014. Selleck Panobinostat Demographic data, clinical parameters (back pain score-VAS, ODI), neurological status (Frankel’s grade), radiological parameters (Kyphosis angle) and complications were evaluated.

Out of the total 100 patients there were 58 males and 42 females. 84 patients had thoracic and 16 had thoracolumbar ent of thoracic & thoracolumbar tuberculous spondylodiscitis patients with neuro-deficit. It offers circumferential decompression with stabilisation and also maintains kyphosis correction.Sprengel deformity is a rare congenital anomaly of the pectoral girdle of unknown incidence. Surgical intervention is indicated in moderate to severe cases having functional and cosmetic impairment. Various surgical corrective procedures have evolved over the past decades, however the extensive magnitude of some of the surgical techniques have sometimes resulted in an unwarranted worse outcome due to associated complications like brachial plexus palsy, scapular winging, sternoclavicular joint prominence, improper scar healing and keloid formation which restrict such procedures to experienced hands at few centres. We report a case of Cavendish grade 3 Sprengel deformity in a five-year-old boy managed with a minimally aggressive modified technique of preserving the trapezius and restricting the surgery to excision of omovertebral bar and supraspinatous part of scapula by a transverse incision overlying the spine of scapula. In Sprengel deformity, the trapezius attached to the elevated scapula is underdeveloped and the technique of retraction instead of detachment of this muscle during surgery, can prevent scar adhesions and improve wound healing. In our patient, satisfactory cosmetic correction and good functional shoulder movements were achieved with minimal intervention.

This systematic review evaluated the surgical outcomes of various ankle fracture treatment modalities in patients with Diabetes Mellitus as well as the methodological quality of the studies.

For our review, four online databases were searched PubMed, MEDLINE (Clarivate Analytics), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). The overall methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Coleman Methodology Score. Data regarding diabetic ankle fractures were pooled into three outcomes groups for comparison (1) the standard fixation cohort with management of diabetic ankle fractures using ORIF with small or mini fragment internal fixation techniques following AO principles, (2) the minimally invasive cohort with diabetic ankle fracture management utilizing percutaneous cannulated screws or intramedullary fixation, and (3) the combined construct cohort treated with a combination of ORIF and another construct (transarticular or external fixation).

The search strategy identified 2228 potential studies from the four databases and 11 were included in the final review.