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All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Development of personalized, stratified follow-up care pathways where care intensity and setting vary with needs could improve cancer survivor outcomes and efficiency of healthcare delivery. Advancing such an approach in the United States requires identification and prioritization of the most pressing research and data needed to create and implement personalized care pathway models. Cancer survivorship research and care experts (N = 39) participated in an in-person workshop on this topic in 2018. Using a modified Delphi technique, a structured, validated system for identifying consensus, an expert panel identified critical research questions related to operationalizing personalized, stratified follow-up care pathways for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Consensus for the top priority research questions was achieved iteratively through three rounds item generation, item consolidation, and selection of the final list of priority research questions. EGFR inhibitor drugs From the 28 research questions that were generated, 11 research priority questions were identified. The questions were categorized into 4 priority themes Determining outcome measures for new care pathways; Developing and evaluating new care pathways; Incentivizing new care pathway delivery; and Technology and infrastructure to support self-management. Existing data sources to begin answering questions were also identified. While existing data sources, including cancer registry, electronic medical record and health insurance claims data, can be enhanced to begin addressing some questions, additional research resources are needed to address these priority questions. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Predatory gastropods of the superfamily Conoidea number over 12,000 living species. The evolutionary success of this lineage can be explained by the ability of conoideans to produce complex venoms for hunting, defense and competitive interactions. Whereas venoms of cone snails (family Conidae) have become increasingly well studied, the venoms of most other conoidean lineages remain largely uncharacterized. In the present study we present the venom gland transcriptomes of two species of the genus Clavus that belong to the family Drilliidae. Venom gland transcriptomes of two specimens of Clavus canalicularis, and two specimens of Cv. davidgilmouri were analyzed, leading to the identification of a total of 1,176 putative venom peptide toxins (“drillipeptides”). Based on the combined evidence of secretion signal sequence identity, entire precursor similarity search (BLAST), and the orthology inference, putative Clavus toxins were assigned to 158 different gene families. The majority of identified transcripts comprise signal, pro-, mature peptide, and post- regions, with a typically short ( less then 50 amino acids) and cysteine-rich mature peptide region. Thus drillipeptides are structurally similar to conotoxins. However, convincing homology with known groups of Conus toxins was only detected for very few toxin families. Among these are Clavus counterparts of Conus venom insulins (drillinsulins), porins (drilliporins), highly diversified lectins (drillilectins). The short size of most drillipeptpides and structural similarity to conotoxins was unexpected, given that most related conoidean gastropod families (Terebridae and Turridae) possess longer mature peptide regions. Our findings indicate that, similar to conotoxins, drillipeptides may represent a valuable resource for future pharmacological exploration. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.CONTEXT Endocannabinoids are suggested to play a role in energy balance regulation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations of endocannabinoid concentrations during the day with energy balance and adiposity and interactions with 2 diets differing in protein content in participants in the post-obese phase with pre-diabetes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Participants (n=38) were individually fed in energy balance with a medium protein (MP 155530% of energy from ProteinCarbohydrateFat) or high protein diet (HP 254530% energy from PCF) for 48-hours in a respiration chamber. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between energy balance, energy expenditure, RQ and endocannabinoid concentrations during the day were assessed. RESULTS Plasma-concentrations of anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoyethanolamide (PEA), and pregnenolone (PREG) significantly decreased during the day. This decrease was inversely related to BMI (AEA) or body-fat (%) (PEA; OEA). The lowest RQ value, before lunch, was inversely associated with concentrations of AEA and PEA before lunch. AUC of concentrations of AEA, 2-AG, PEA, and OEA were positively related to body-fat% (p less then 0.05). The HP and MP groups showed no differences in concentrations of AEA, OEA, PEA, and PREG, but the AUC of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was significantly higher in the HP vs. the MP group. CONCLUSIONS In energy balance, only the endocannabinoid 2-AG changed in relation to protein level of the diet, while the endocannabinoid AEA, and endocannabinoid-related compounds OEA and PEA reflected the gradual energy intake matching energy expenditure over the day. © Endocrine Society 2020.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in Crohn’s disease (CD) and may play an important role in triggering postoperative disease recurrence (POR). We prospectively studied fecal and mucosal microbial recolonization following ileocecal resection to identify the predictive value of recurrence-related microbiota. METHODS Mucosal and/or fecal samples from 121 CD patients undergoing ileocecal resection were collected at predefined time points before and after surgery. Ileal biopsies were collected from 39 healthy controls. POR was defined by a Rutgeerts score ≥i2b. The microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Prediction analysis was performed using C5.0 and Random Forest algorithms. RESULTS The mucosa-associated microbiota in CD patients was characterised by a depletion of butyrate-producing species (FDR less then 0.01) and enrichment of Proteobacteria (FDR=0.009) and Akkermansia spp. (FDR=0.02). Following resection, a mucosal enrichment of Lachnospiraceae (FDR less then 0.001) was seen in all patients but in POR patients, also Fusobacteriaceae (FDR less then 0.