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After three months of using KD, we observed at least 50% reduction of seizures in 82% (27/33) of the patients, out of these, 22.8% presented 90% or more reduction of seizures, and 20% ended up seizure-free. Adverse events were observed in 21 patients, mainly gastrointestinal (62%) and dyslipidemia (14%), without effect on height. All side effects resolved with medical ma nagement.

KD is a useful treatment in pediatric patients with DRE without nutritional impact. The adverse events were easily controlled if the patients are evaluated by a multidisciplinary team, according to international guidelines.

KD is a useful treatment in pediatric patients with DRE without nutritional impact. The adverse events were easily controlled if the patients are evaluated by a multidisciplinary team, according to international guidelines.

Changing the tracheostomy tube in children is a key procedure, however, some of its aspects re main unclear.

To characterize the tracheostomy tube change in children from a long-stay health institution.

Retrospective observational analytical study based on the 2-year clinical record of hospitalized children who underwent tracheostomy. The variables evaluated were the reason for tracheostomy tube change, size and brand of the tube, operator and participants (assistants/spectators) of the procedure, complications, and education.

We analyzed 630 tracheostomy tube changes. The most frequent operators were relatives (33.7%). The main reason for the change was routine (83.3%). 10.7% of the changes presented some complications, where the most frequent was peristomal bleeding (47.37%) and the first failed attempt (34.21%). There was no association between the presence of balloon and complications (p = 0.24), nor with the use of Mechanical Ventilation (p = 0.8) or the operator (p = 0.74).

The routine change of the tracheostomy tube in children with prolonged artificial airway use is a safe procedure, which can be performed by both health professionals and properly trained family members.

The routine change of the tracheostomy tube in children with prolonged artificial airway use is a safe procedure, which can be performed by both health professionals and properly trained family members.

Infants are a group at risk of vitamin D (VD) deficiency. The administration of 400 IU of VD per day during the first year of life does not achieve 100% adherence. A single dose of 100,000 IU of oral VD is safe in newborns.

To compare the effect of oral administration of VD between a single dose of 100,000 IU at one month of age vs daily doses of 400 IU on serum concentrations of VD, at 6 months of age.

Randomized clinical trial, without masking. 84 healthy infants were included at 1 month of age, randomized to the study group (SG) receiving a single oral dose of 100,000 IU or to the control group (CG), who received daily oral doses of VD of 400 IU from the 1st to the 6th month of life. At 6 months of life, the serum concentration of VD was determined.

65 infants completed the study, 36 in SG and 29 in CG. No VD deficiency was found. VD insufficient was 5.5% and 6.8% in the SG and CG, respectively. The serum concentration of VD at six months of age was 38.8 ± 5.2 ng/ml and 39.7 ± 6.3 ng/ml for the SG and CG, respectively (NS).

Supplementation of 100,000 IU of VD at one month age achieves serum concentrations of VD at 6 months of life similar to the administration of daily doses of 400 IU of VD from the 1st to the 6th month.

Supplementation of 100,000 IU of VD at one month age achieves serum concentrations of VD at 6 months of life similar to the administration of daily doses of 400 IU of VD from the 1st to the 6th month.Preventing vertical transmission of HIV is a challenge for all countries worldwide. The permanent construction of global societies with a variable degree of international migrant population has made it more complex. Health policies, programs, and actions for preventing vertical transmission of HIV in pregnant migrants demand an intercultural perspective, where social, cultural, and gender dimen sions associated with the infection are addressed. Understanding the local reality regarding the pre vention of vertical transmission in the international migrant population in Chile is essential to carry out concrete actions that favor the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This article presents some essential concepts related to this topic. It also presents international and national in formation on risks of vertical transmission in pregnant migrants, the importance of the national plan for preventing vertical transmission of HIV in our country, and some ongoing efforts to adapt such plan to the reality of social and cultural diversity that pregnant migrants currently present in Chile, as a useful public health instrument with an intercultural perspective.Bilateral body structures usually present some kind of asymmetry. GSK1838705A In humans, long bones are suitable to study asymmetries because they are subject to different stimulus that can influence their development and shape. This study focuses on asymmetries of humerus and radius length during ontogeny, with a sample of 1,421 people from Barcelona ranging in age from 0 to 22 years. Data were obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images. The humerus results showed the existence of significant directional asymmetry to the left in neonates that progressively turns to right through ontogeny, being significant in people from 11 to 16 years. The radius results are not so evident, but it can be deduced directional asymmetry in children and adolescents, with little delay from humerus. Regarding fluctuating asymmetry, higher values have been seen in neonates and they decrease during ontogeny.Inhumation burials gradually replaced the tradition of cremating the deceased from the 10th century AD onwards and have been dominating the North-Western Slavic regions since the 11th/12th century AD. However, excavated human remains, as well as funerary containers, from the Late Slavic period (11th to 12th century AD) show evidence of fire exposure. A few inhumation burials from the Wusterhausen/Dosse burial ground – a typical burial site from the latest pagan times – show signs of a partial cremation. Although normally a rare finding in Late Slavic inhumation burials, such traces of an impact of fire were detected on several burials from various locations. The character and purpose of these burns (cremations?) has already been under investigation for a long time. They might be related to religiously motivated cremation rituals, the result of “grave fires” or the continuity of pagan traditions. Within the scope of this paper, with the Wusterhausen examples, we are taking a closer look at the different implementations of cremation and fire exposure during burial practices in Slavic regions from the 10th to 12th century AD and their characteristics.