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Purpose The purpose of this review was to evaluate the association between glaucoma and depression and to identify possible risk factors for depressive symptoms in glaucoma patients.Methods A total of 587 abstracts were screened and 32 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review.Results An association of glaucoma and depression was found, while advanced disease stage, older age, female sex and faster visual loss progression were recognized as potential risk factors for depression in patients with glaucoma.Conclusions Our findings may have important clinical significance, such as alerting ophthalmologists to implement a multidisciplinary approach in patients with glaucoma. Further research is needed to examine this association in different types of glaucoma and try to investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to establish a causal inference between glaucoma and depression.Objectives The Manchester Musculoskeletal Screening Tool (MMST) is used internationally to screen for pain, postural changes, and urinary incontinence in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). The tool has been validated for the outcome measures of pain and incontinence but not for the thoracic movement section. Aprocitentan order The aim of this study was to assess intra (single rater) and inter-rater (between rater) reliability of the thoracic movement screen section of the MMST.Methods This is a prospective reliability study. Digital videos of thoracic movement were taken of adults with CF during their annual musculoskeletal screening at a large UK Adult CF Center. Twelve physiotherapists independently watched the videos and scored the movements on two occasions, 2 weeks apart, using MMST. Cohen’s kappa and Krippendorff alpha were used to establish intra- and inter-rater reliability.Results Intra-rater reliability using Cohen’s kappa calculation ranged between 0.35 and 0.93. Eleven out of 12 physiotherapists had a moderate-substantial reliability score as assessed by the Landis Koch criteria. Percentage agreement for each physiotherapist ranged from 67%-97%. The inter-rater reliability was poor (Krippendorff alpha score = 0.422 (CI 0.24-0.60)).Conclusion The thoracic section of the MMST is reliable in adults with CF to highlight changes in posture and thoracic mobility that may go undetected or under-reported by the patient when repeated by the same clinician. However, the inter-rater variability is high, and it should not be considered reliable when carried out by different clinicians over time.Rotaviruses, double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are a global health concern, associated with acute gastroenteritis and secretory-driven watery diarrhoea, especially in infants and young children. Conventionally, rotavirus is primarily viewed as a pathogen for intestinal enterocytes. This notion is challenged, however, by data from patients and animal models documenting extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and viral replication following rotavirus infection. In addition to acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus infection has been linked to various neurological disorders, hepatitis and cholestasis, type 1 diabetes, respiratory illness, myocarditis, renal failure and thrombocytopenia. Concomitantly, molecular studies have provided insight into potential mechanisms by which rotavirus can enter and replicate in non-enterocyte cell types and evade host immune responses. Nevertheless, it is fair to say that the extra-intestinal aspect of the rotavirus infectious process is largely being overlooked by biomedical professionals, and there are gaps in the understanding of mechanisms of pathogenesis. Thus with the aim of increasing public and professional awareness we here provide a description of our current understanding of rotavirus-related extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and associated molecular pathogenesis. Further understanding of the processes involved should prove exceedingly useful for future diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rotavirus-associated disease.

– To discuss how the underlying neuroanatomy and neurobiology of five sport-related concussion (SRC) clinical profiles impacts assessment and treatment.

– Narrative review.

– Based on the current literature and clinical experience, arguments against the traditional SRC protocol and for a clinical profiles-based SRC protocol are made.

– While the clinical profiles-based SRC protocol is widely used and accepted, there has been little published regarding the link to the underlying neuropathology. Our narrative review describes the five SRC clinical profiles vestibular, ocular, mood, post-traumatic migraine, and cognitive/fatigue. For these profiles, the underlying neuroanatomy and neurobiology is outlined, as well as how that anatomy and biology impact the profiles’ etiology, assessment, and treatment. The cervical and sleep modifiers are also briefly covered.

– Utilizing this model, clinicians are able to provide an individualized assessment, conceptualization, and treatment plan for SRC, leading to improved outcomes and clinical experiences for athletes.

– Utilizing this model, clinicians are able to provide an individualized assessment, conceptualization, and treatment plan for SRC, leading to improved outcomes and clinical experiences for athletes.Accumulated studies have revealed the critical role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the carcinogenesis and progression of various cancers. LncRNA TDRG1 has been reported to exhibit oncogenic potential in some cancers. However, its underlying mechanism regulating breast cancer (BC) remains obscure. QRT-PCR was used to measure the relative expression of mRNAs, and western blot was used to detect protein expression levels. CCK8 and CFSE assays were utilized to testify cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry assay was used for cell apoptosis ability investigation. Transwell and tube formation assays were implemented to test cell migrating and invasive abilities. Relevant mechanism experiments were implemented to determine the molecular mechanism. TDRG1 was remarkably overexpressed in BC cell lines. TDRG1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but enhanced BC cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, TDRG1 acted as a miR-214-5p sponge to up-regulate CLIC4 expression. MiR-214-5p inhibition or CLIC4 overexpression could revive the tumor-suppressing effects induced by TDRG1 knockdown.