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Recent studies highlight the immunoregulatory potential of bacterial lysates, indicating their potential use in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysates (PMBLs) in children with grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis.

Seventy children with seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled to this study and were randomly assigned to the PMBL and placebo groups. Severity of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms was assessed by the total nasal symptom score, total ocular symptom score, and visual analogue scale. During 3 visits, peak nasal inspiratory flow was measured, and nasal smears for the presence of eosinophils and nasal lavage fluids for the presence of allergen-specific IgE against timothy grass pollen allergens were sampled.

A statistically significant decrease in total nasal symptom score (P= .001), total ocular symptom score (P=.04), and visual analogue scale score for nasal and eye symptoms (P < .001 and P <ensitized to grass pollen allergens. PMBLs probably affect mucosal immunity, weakening the response of TH2 cells.

Cognitive deficits are associated with asthma globally; however, the association between cognitive function and asthma has not been fully elucidated.

To assess the relationship between asthma and cognitive function.

A total of 202 patients with asthma aged older than 18 years were analyzed retrospectively from August 2019 to February 2020. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. We compared the associations of clinical parameters with cognitive function (MoCA, ≥23 vs <23) and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], ≥70% vs <70%).

Of the total participants, 89 (44.1%) indicated cognitive impairment, of whom 23.1% were aged less than 65 years and 72.9% were aged 65 years or older. find more MoCA scores were significantly different according to age (24.91 ± 3.89 for ages <65 years vs 19.11 ± 5.11 for ages ≥65 years, P < .001) and lung function (23.29 ± 5.17 for FEV1 ≥70% vs 21.23 ± 5.21 for FEV1 <70%, P= .006), but not according to asthma control (22.35 ± 5.38 for nonsevere asthma vs 22.88 ± 4.91 for severe asthma, P= .55). Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014-1.13; P= .01), educational status (OR, 6.068; CI, 2.175-16.927; P= .001), and asthma duration (OR, 1.007; CI, 1.001-1.013; P= .02) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment was largely observed in adults (44.1%) with asthma and was more prevalent in older adults than in younger adults. Longer asthma duration and lower lung function were more associated with cognitive dysfunction.

Cognitive impairment was largely observed in adults (44.1%) with asthma and was more prevalent in older adults than in younger adults. Longer asthma duration and lower lung function were more associated with cognitive dysfunction.Statistical methods are essential in medical research. They are used for data analysis and drawing appropriate conclusions. Clarity and accuracy of statistical reporting in medical journals can enhance readers’ understanding of the research conducted and the results obtained. In this manuscript, we provide guidelines for statistical reporting in medical journals for authors to consider, with a focus on the Journal of Thoracic Oncology.

Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is one of the most common and poor prognostic comorbidities in patients with NSCLC and a known risk factor for pneumonitis. Atezolizumab monotherapy is an established treatment for recurrent NSCLC and reported to have a lower risk of pneumonitis than programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab monotherapy in patients with pretreated advanced or recurrent NSCLC with idiopathic IP.

Patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC with comorbid idiopathic, chronic fibrotic IP with % forced vital capacity of greater than 70% and no history of immune checkpoint inhibitors were enrolled. The patients received atezolizumab (1200 mg) every 3 weeks until the discontinuation criteria were met. The primary end point of this study was the 1-year survival rate. A sample size of 38 patients was set.

This study was terminated early owing to high incidence of pneumonitis. A total of 17 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 70 years. The median % forced vital capacity and % diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide at baseline were 85.4% and 54.4%, respectively. The incidence of pneumonitis was 29.4% (5 of 17) for all grades, 23.5% (4 of 17) for grade greater than or equal to 3, and 5.9% (1 of 17) for grade 5. A total of 57.1% patients (4 of 7) with honeycomb lung developed pneumonitis with a grade greater than or equal to 3, whereas only one patient (10%) without honeycomb lung (n= 10) with grade 1 pneumonitis was found.

Patients with NSCLC with comorbid IP as defined by the selection criteria for this study might have an increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis.

Patients with NSCLC with comorbid IP as defined by the selection criteria for this study might have an increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis.

To describe associations between symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland (MG) morphology.

Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. Readers graded MG features in the middle third of upper and lower lids on infrared meibography images. Associations with signs and symptoms of DED were evaluated with adjustment for age and sex.

Among 268 patients, no MG features were associated with symptom scores (p>0.08). Among 394 upper eyelids, better tear break-up times (<2, >2- <3.2and≥3.2s) were associated with more tortuous glands (mean (SD) 0.58(0.95), 0.83(1.2) and 1.14 (1.4), p=0.01) and with higher scores on a composite score of MG features (21.90 (9.76), 23.29 (9.50), 26.26 (10.27); p=0.02). Longer Schirmer test wetting lengths (0-5, >5-10, and >10mm) were associated with increasing composite scores (22.02 (9.29), 23.80 (10.34), 24.96 (9.96), p=0.03). Patients with Sjogren syndrome compared to other patients had fewer distorted MGs (mean 3.