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Endoscopic hematoma removal is performed to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the basal ganglia. In our hospital, young neurosurgical trainees perform it for the only 1

to the 3

time. We perform a “trans-forehead approach” and hypothesized that our technique would contribute to higher hematoma removal rate and easiness despite their inexperience. We compared our dataset with an open dataset with along-the-long-axis approaches using pre- and intraoperative neuronavigation by well-trained neurosurgeons and tested the utility of our trans-forehead approach.

We retrospectively investigated our 17 consecutive patients with hypertensive ICH who underwent endoscopic hematoma removal using the trans-forehead approach. We obtained the open dataset and compared our data with the 12 patients from the open dataset using the inverse probability weighting method. Operative time, hematoma removal rate, postoperative hematoma volume, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on day 7, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months were assessed as outcomes.

The median age was 68 (interquartile range; 58-78) years. Median postoperative hematoma volume, removal rate, operative time, GCS on day 7, and mRS at 6 months were 9 (2-24) mL, 90 (79-98)%, 53 (41-80) min, 13 (12-13), and 4 (2-5), respectively. 5-Fluorouracil The weighted generalized estimating equations revealed that operative time was shorter in the along-the-long-axis group, but other items were not significantly different between the two approaches.

The hematoma removal rate of endoscopic hematoma removal with the trans-forehead approach by young trainees was not different from that of the along-the-long-axis approach by well-trained neurosurgeons using neuronavigation.

The hematoma removal rate of endoscopic hematoma removal with the trans-forehead approach by young trainees was not different from that of the along-the-long-axis approach by well-trained neurosurgeons using neuronavigation.

Cervical spine deformity is a potentially devitalizing problem. Contemporary techniques for repair and reconstruction include fusion using rods of tapered diameter alone, or quadruple-rod constructs in which primary rods are joined to floating accessory rods by connectors. Here, we present how we utilized a quadruple-rod construct to perform five C2 to thoracic spine fusions.

Our hospital electronic medical record revealed five patients who underwent the four rod C2-thoracic spine fixation. Patients ranged in age from 14-years-old to 78-years-old. The mean operative time was 715.8 min (range 549-987 min), and average estimated blood loss was 878 cc (range 40-1800 cc).

None of the five patients sustained any intraoperative complications, and none demonstrated progressive kyphotic deformity over the average follow-up interval of 8 months.

We successfully treated five patients with degenerative or oncologic cervical pathology requiring fixation across the cervicothoracic junction utilizing a 4-rod C2-cervicothoracic fusion technique.

We successfully treated five patients with degenerative or oncologic cervical pathology requiring fixation across the cervicothoracic junction utilizing a 4-rod C2-cervicothoracic fusion technique.

This study provides an anatomical description of a novel supracerebellar infratentorial inverted subchoroidal (SIIS) approach to the lateral ventricle. An illustrative case is presented in which this approach was used to simultaneously resect two tumors residing in the posterior fossa and lateral ventricle.

The SIIS approach was performed on five cadaveric heads using microsurgical and endoscopic techniques. Target points were defined in the lateral ventricle, and quantitative analysis was performed to assess limits of exposure within the lateral ventricle. Two coronal reference planes corresponding to the anterior and posterior margins of the lateral ventricle body were defined. Distances from target points to reference planes were measured, and an imaging-based predicting system was provided according to obtained measurements to guide preoperative approach selection.

Mean (standard deviation) distances between the predefined target points indicating the anterior limits and the anterior plane were 9 (7.0) mm, 11 (5.8) mm, and 7 (5.1) mm; posterior limits had distances of 8 (3.0) mm, 17 (9.2) mm, 15 (9.2) mm, and 9 (7.2) mm to the posterior plane. Limiting factors of the choroidal fissure dissection were the venous angle anteriorly and thalamocaudate vein posteriorly. The position of the venous angle had a high negative correlation with the anterior exposure limit (

= -0.87,

< 0.001;

= -0.92,

< 0.001).

A step-by-step anatomical description of a new SIIS approach is given, and a quantitative description of the limits of the exposure is provided to evaluate the application of this approach.

A step-by-step anatomical description of a new SIIS approach is given, and a quantitative description of the limits of the exposure is provided to evaluate the application of this approach.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment peripheral neuropathy. Median nerve may present several anatomical variations such as a high division or bifid median nerve (BMN). A thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy and variations of the median nerve at the wrist are fundamental to reduce complications during carpal tunnel release.

A 63-year-old man with CTS underwent preoperative ultrasound that showed the entrapment of the median nerve and disclosed a BMN Lanz IIIA Type anatomical variation at the carpal tunnel. During the surgery, the anatomical variant of a BMN at the wrist has been visualized. Both nervous rami entirely occupied the carpal canal and this may have predisposed to the development of the entrapment syndrome. Nor persistent median artery, or other associated abnormalities, have been identified. At the 6 months follow-up control, the patient referred a good surgical recovery with complete resolution of the preoperative symptoms of the median nerve entrapment.

A rare case of Lanz IIIA BMN Type at the wrist has been encountered in a patient with a CTS and a systematic review and practical considerations have been presented with the aim of raising awareness to the neurosurgical community of a such rare variant that could be encountered during carpal tunnel release procedures. CTS may be caused by the entrapment of a BMN Lanz IIIA Type anatomical variant of median nerve. Preoperative US would help to identify such patients to reduce risk of iatrogenic injuries.

A rare case of Lanz IIIA BMN Type at the wrist has been encountered in a patient with a CTS and a systematic review and practical considerations have been presented with the aim of raising awareness to the neurosurgical community of a such rare variant that could be encountered during carpal tunnel release procedures. CTS may be caused by the entrapment of a BMN Lanz IIIA Type anatomical variant of median nerve. Preoperative US would help to identify such patients to reduce risk of iatrogenic injuries.