Activity

Objective To compare the microleakage around resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) based sealants and flowable resin based sealants placed with or without ameloplasty in extracted human teeth. MG-101 Methods This in-vitro experimental study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan from June 2017 to December 2018. Sixty extracted human molars and premolars were assigned to four groups (n=15) each, according to the type of fissure sealant (flowable resin based sealant or resin modified glass ionomer based sealant) used and either placed with or without ameloplasty. Specimens were thermocycled and then immersed in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours. Specimens were then sectioned and examined using stereo-microscope (50X) for microleakage that was scored on an ordinal scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Ordinal regression were applied. Level of significance kept at 0.05. Results There was a statistically significant difference (p-value less then 0.001) between the two sealant types for the microleakage scores. Sealants placed with ameloplasty demonstrated significantly higher microleakage values (p-value less then 0.001). Conclusion Microleakage was found to be more pronounced in RMGIC based sealants compared to the resin based sealants. Ameloplasty resulted in higher leakage around the sealants irrespective of the chemistry of material. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objectives To determine the level of stress experienced and coping strategies used by parents of hearing impaired and autistic children. Methods Using non-probability convenience sampling this cross sectional study recruited n =200 parents of hearing impaired (HI) and 100 parents of autistic children, of either gender, aged 20 to 60 years. Samples were recruited from Special Education Institutes of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, over a period of six months, from October 2018 to March 2019 and conducted at Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Islamabad. Basic demographical sheet, Parental Stress Scale and Coping Strategies Inventory were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. Results In parents of hearing impaired the mean parental stress score was 47.44±12.85 and commonest coping strategy was problem focused engagement (26.03) followed by problem focused dis-engagement (24.25). In the autistic group the mean parental stress score was 48.92+11.22 with problem focused engagement being the most frequently used strategy (27.4) followed by emotion focused strategy. Conclusion Different level of stress experienced by parents of autistic and hearing impaired children which is statistically significant and they employed different coping strategies. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objective To investigate the effects of two kinds of surgical resection schemes, a conventional open surgical scheme and a thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy surgical scheme, on operation-related clinical indexes, inflammatory cytokines and complications in elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with esophageal cancer seen in the Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, from June 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups, including a control group (50 patients) with a conventional open surgical scheme and an observation group (50 patients) with a thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy surgical scheme. The operation time, the amount of bleeding during the operation, the incision length, the number of lymph nodes dissected, the hospitalization time, the HAMA scores and HAMD scores before and after the operation, the PSQI scores, SF-36 scores and levels of PCT, CRP and IL-6 after the operation, the recurrence and metastasis rates and the mortality at follow-up and the incidence of related complications of both groups were compared. Results The operation time, the amount of bleeding during the operation, the incision length and the hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (p0.05). The complication incidence after the operation in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p less then 0.05). Conclusion Compared with a conventional open surgical scheme, the thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy surgical scheme possesses advantages in the treatment of elderly patients with esophageal cancer, including being a minimally invasive, simple operation, having a shorter recovery time, effectively relieving negative emotions, improving the quality of life, reducing the levels of inflammatory molecules and reducing the risk of related complications. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objective The aim was to assess the influence of Er, Cr YSGG laser (ECL) and fractional carbon dioxide laser (FCL) on the shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of bioactive restorative material to dentin. Methods The study was performed in King Saud university in the month of June-July 2019. One hundred and twenty permanent teeth were vertically placed in acrylic resin. Based on the type of surface treatment regime (n=40), samples were divided into three groups. Group-I samples were surface conditioned with total etch and rinse (TE); Group-2 samples were surface treated with Er, Cr YSGG laser (ECL) and Group-3 specimens were conditioned with fractional carbon dioxide laser (FCL). Surface treatment of dentin was followed by type of bulk fill resin (BFR) application. Tetric-N-Ceram was bonded to dentin conditioned with TE (n=20), FCL (n=20) and ECL (n=20). Similarly, bioactive material (BAM) was also bonded to conditioned surface (n=60). Samples (n=10) among each group were placed in a Universal testing maive materials. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objectives To calculate the anterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALCD) and lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and controls and to correlate lamina cribrosa (LC) parameters to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and visual field (VF) defects. Methods The study was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019. A total of 60 correspondents (30 cases and 30 controls) were assessed for general ophthalmological investigations including intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length AXL, ophthalmoscopy, visual field (VF) testing and spectral domain ocular computed tomography (SDOCT). Results The mean age of subjects was 62 years (Cases 67.30±1.2, controls 57.32±1.1) with more male participants. Intraocular pressure [IOP (19.85 ±1.4)], AXL (22.85 ± 1.6), VF defects (8.30 ± 4.5), RNFLT (72.58 ± 13.2) and LCT (162.51 ± 64.62) were statistically significant in POAG patients as compared to the controls. Conclusion A thinner LC in POAG correlated significantly with the RNFLT and VF defects.