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People with a tertiary education and employed people enjoyed searching government or hospital websites for information. Middle-aged, unemployed, or retired people tended to learn about dementia from television or radio. Conclusion It is worth educating the public about dementia and developing strategies consistent with their preferences for types of mass media.In the midst of the SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 outbreak the need for research into, and development of, antiviral agents is brought into sharp focus worldwide for scientists, governments and the public alike […].To clarify the changes in the aroma characteristics of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) during hot-air drying, volatile compounds of L. edodes were analyzed using sensory evaluation, electronic nose, and purge and trap combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PT-GC-MS) at different timepoints of the drying process. Results showed that the sensory and volatile profile changed significantly during the drying process at 60 °C for up to 12 h and the drying process could be divided into three stages early stage (3.5 h). Volatile compounds in fresh L. edodes consisted mainly of ketones and alcohols. The early stage of drying decreased the concentration of ketone and alcohol compounds and promoted the generation of cyclic organosulfur compounds through a series of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, which mainly contribute to the characteristic odor of shiitake mushroom. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the volatile compounds released after different drying times could be divided into four groups, which have been confirmed by sensory evaluation results. The results suggested that the unique flavor of dried mushrooms is mainly due to the activation of enzymes during the drying process, which act on lentinic acid to produce sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds. We believe that our study makes a potential contribution to the mushroom cultivation and processing industry to achieve an improvement in sensory quality.The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest of tropical origin which recently invaded Africa, the Far East and Australia. click here Temperature, therefore, plays an important role in its invasion biology, since this pest does not go into diapause. The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of S. frugiperda at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (°D) required for each stage to complete its development. This study was conducted at five different temperatures-18, 22, 26, 30 and 32 ± 1 °C. Larvae were reared individually in Petri dishes with sweetcorn kernels provided as food. The development rate of S. frugiperda increased linearly with increasing temperatures between 18 and 30 °C and larval survival was the highest between 26 and 30 °C. The optimal range for egg, larval and egg-to-adult development was between 26 and 30 °C. The optimum temperature with the fastest larval development rate and lowest mortality was at 30 °C. The pupal development period ranged between 7.82 and 30.68 days (32-18 °C). The minimum temperature threshold for egg and larva development was 13.01 and 12.12 °C, respectively, 13.06 °C for pupae and 12.57 °C for egg-to-adult development. Degree-day requirements for the development of the respective life cycle stages of S. frugiperda were 35.68 ± 0.22 for eggs, 204.60 ± 1.23 °D for larvae, 150.54 ± 0.93 °D for pupae and 391.61 ± 1.42 °D for egg-to-adult development.in English, Spanish OBJECTIVE Evaluar la efectividad del uso de cubrebocas quirúrgico en ámbitos comunitarios para reducir la probabilidad de contagio por SARS-CoV-2 u otra infección respiratoria aguda viral, en comparación con no usar cubrebocas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Se utilizó la metodología de revisiones rápidas de Cochrane. La estrategia de búsqueda abarcó una base de datos académica y pre-prints hasta el 1 de abril de 2020. Los títulos y resúmenes fueron revisados por un investigador. La revisión de textos completos fue dividida entre tres investigadores. Los resultados fueron sintetizados de forma narrativa. RESULTS Se identificaron 713 manuscritos, de los cuales 21 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De seis revisiones sistemáticas, cuatro no encontraron reducciones en la probabilidad de contagio y seis estudios experimentales en hogares no encontraron diferencias en la probabilidad de contagio asociado con el uso de cubrebocas. Únicamente un estudio de modelaje estimó una reducción de 20% en la incidencia de enfermedad respiratoria, asumiendo que 10 a 50% de la población hace uso correcto de cubrebocas quirúrgicos. CONCLUSIONS La evidencia científica no es concluyente para recomendar o desalentar el uso de cubrebocas a nivel poblacional. Considerando los potenciales efectos negativos, las recomendaciones gubernamentales deberían esperar a los resultados de los experimentos naturales en países que han recomendado la utilización poblacional de cubrebocas.OBJECTIVE To assess if ablative fractional laser combined with indoor daylight photodynamic therapy are effective and safe for the treatment of skin field cancerization associated with actinic keratosis (AK). METHODS A total of 46 patients with field cancerized skin and AK were treated by a single session of laser assisted drug delivery (LAAD) and indoor daylight photodynamic therapy (IDL-PDT). LAAD was applied using a CO2 ablative fractional laser (AFXL) and aminolevulonic acid. Thereafter, IDL-PDT was administered using a novel device that mimics the sun radiation with a total dose of 48 J/cm². RESULTS All patients showed remission following subsequent to the study protocol (complete 71.7%, partial 28.3%). Pain scores using a visual analog scare immediately following treatments were 9.0 ± 2.0. CONCLUSIONS AFXL-LAAD combined with IDL-PDT is extremely effective for the treatment of skin field cancerization associated with AK. Nevertheless, the high pain scores associated with this combined approach may prove to be a limiting factor. Thus, further protocol modifications in larger scale studies are still warranted. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(3)425-427. doi10.36849/JDD.2020.4589.