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Problem Conferences are the most common form of continuing medical education (CME), but their effect on clinician practice is inconsistent. Reflection is a critical step in the process of practice change among clinicians and may lead to improved outcomes following conference-based CME. However, reflection requires time to process newly-learned material. Adequate time for reflection may be noticeably absent during many conference presentations. Intervention The pause procedure is a 90-second ‘pause’ during a 30-minute presentation so learners can review and discuss content. The goal of the pause procedure is to stimulate learners’ active engagement with newly learned material which will, in turn, promote learner reflection. Context Fifty-six presentations at two hospital medicine CME conferences were assigned to the pause procedure or control. Study outcomes provided by conference participants were validated reflection scores and commitment-to-change (CTC) statements for each presentation. A post-hoc survey ofy be necessary when planning a new educational intervention that is to be implemented by conference presenters.

The overall health and the importance of physical therapy for people following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) have been understudied. Our purpose was to characterize the overall health of patients following TAA, and explore the frequency, influence, and patient-perceived value of physical therapy.

People who received a TAA participated in this retrospective cohort online survey study. Maraviroc clinical trial The survey included medical history questions and items from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Forms. Seven PROMIS domains, reflecting the biopsychosocial model of care (physical, mental, social), were included to examine participant overall health status in comparison to the general population. Items regarding physical therapy participation (yes/no), number of visits, and perceived value (scale 0-10; 10 = extremely helpful) were also included. Descriptive statistics were generated for participant characteristics, PROMIS domain

scores, and physical therapy questions. The influencected toward these domains could improve the value of TAA and promote overall health.

Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Level III, retrospective comparative study.Brief measures are important in psychology research because they reduce participant burden. Researchers can select items from longer measures either to build a short-form or to administer items conditional on a participant’s previous responses. Researchers who carry out these item selection strategies either focus on estimating a precise score on the measure (typically carried out in a psychometric approach) or on predicting the score on the measure (possibly taking a machine learning approach). However, it is unclear how scores from the psychometric and machine learning approaches compare to each other. In this paper, the following four statistical approaches to select items are reviewed and illustrated item response theory to build static short-forms, computerized adaptive testing, the genetic algorithm, and regression trees. Theoretical strengths and weaknesses between these four statistical approaches are discussed, and the overlap between the areas of psychometrics and machine learning is considered.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. ALS has traditionally been classified within the domain of neuromuscular diseases, which are a unique spectrum of disorders that predominantly affect the peripheral nervous system. However, over the past decades compounding evidence has emerged that there is extensive involvement of the central nervous system. Therefore, one can question whether it remains accurate to classify ALS as a neuromuscular disorder.

In this review, the authors sought to discuss current approaches toward disease classification and how we should classify ALS based on novel insights from clinical, imaging, pathophysiological, neuropathological and genetic studies.

ALS exhibits the cardinal features of a neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, classifying ALS as a neuromuscular disease in the strict sense has become untenable. Diagnosing ALS however does require significant neuromuscular expertise and therefore neuromuscular specialists remain best equipped to evaluate this category of patients. Designating motor neuron diseases as a separate category in the ICD-11 is justified and adequately deals with this issue. However, to drive effective therapy development the fields of motor neuron disease and neurodegenerative disorders must come together.

ALS exhibits the cardinal features of a neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, classifying ALS as a neuromuscular disease in the strict sense has become untenable. Diagnosing ALS however does require significant neuromuscular expertise and therefore neuromuscular specialists remain best equipped to evaluate this category of patients. Designating motor neuron diseases as a separate category in the ICD-11 is justified and adequately deals with this issue. However, to drive effective therapy development the fields of motor neuron disease and neurodegenerative disorders must come together.Glycemic control has become a focus of concern among diabetic patients. However, only 26.71% of patients achieved better glycemic control in China. Given the complexity of glycemic control, it is worth investigating the potential mechanisms between negative emotions and glycemic control. A total of 428 participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital (the number of hospital beds>500). They completed questionnaires consisting of demographics, Zung Self-Assessed Anxiety Scale(SAS), Zung Self-Assessed Depression Scale(SDS), and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). HbA1 c was used to measure glycemic control. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bootstrap analysis were conducted to analyze data. A total of 428 questionnaires were distributed, with 28 invalid questionnaires (93.46% were valid). Depression and self-care activities (exercise, medication) were associated with glycemic control. At the same time, the Bootstrap analysis revealed that self-care activities (exercise standardized coefficient β = 0.