Activity

) could increase the level of TCD4+ and TCD8+ in rats which induced by doxorubicin. Copyright © 2019 Mustafa Ridwan Lubis, Reny Haryani, Safriana Safriana, Denny Satria.BACKGROUND The implementation of pharmacy service standards is a way to implement the practice philosophy, which in essence aims to protect the public from unprofessional pharmaceutical services. The Indonesians standard of pharmacy services has been updated several times according to the development of legal requirements in the community pharmacy setting. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of pharmacy service standards for managing pharmaceuticals, medical devices and disposable medical materials at pharmacies. METHODS The study was conducted with a descriptive method using a cross sectional survey research design, with a checklist as an instrument for retrieving variable data on pharmaceutical services at pharmacies in the city of Medan, Indonesia. The study was conducted from July to November 2018. RESULTS The overall standard implementation from 99 pharmacies showed that 72 pharmacies were at a good level (72.72%), fair level as many as 26 pharmacies (26.26%) and 1 pharmacy in bad level (1.02%). CONCLUSION The study result revealed that even though the level of implementation was good but there were some elements that have high level of “done but not documented” (especially in planning and destruction/withdrawal standards). There were many aspects that must be improved especially the documentation aspect and require cooperation from all relevant parties. Copyright © 2019 Wiryanto Wiryanto, Harri Tanjung, Reski Rumonda.BACKGROUND Mangrove plants distributed in the intertidal of the tropical and subtropical region including in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The production of secondary metabolite compounds is well known to mangroves. Characterisation of prominent compounds from mangrove plants such as genus of Avicennia is required to explore for their biological and pharmacological properties of these compounds. AIM The purpose of this research was to analyse the prominent secondary metabolites through the characterisation of phytochemical, physicochemical, and microscopic of the mangrove genus Avicennia leaves, particularly Avicennia alba, A. lanata, A. marina, and A. officinalis. METHODS Phytochemical screening was carried out on Avicennia spp leaves to the established process. Physicochemical characters of mangrove leaves were investigated by simplicial powder consisting of moisture content, water-soluble, ethanol-soluble, ash content and ash soluble acid according to the WHO formula. Microscopic analysis on the simplicial powelisa Zaitun Hasibuan, Sumaiyah Sumaiyah, Etti Sartina Siregar.BACKGROUND Many researchers have been indicated that premature hair greying (PHG) may be associated with the multifactorial problem include genetic, trace elements deficiencies and some medical problems such as metabolic disorders. However, the risk factors for premature hair greying are not well known for young adult. AIM This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hair greying in young adult. Sodium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate mw METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study recruited 100 respondents of a college student at the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) with the inclusion criteria male, less than 25 years old with hair greying and not have skin pigmentation disorders. The questionnaires about greying of hair status, family history of greying and history of family disease were collected by self-report. RESULTS The age of participants in this study was 20.09 ± 2.01 years (mean ± SD). The mean onset of PHG was 15.23 ± 3.52 years (range 9 – 22 years). The family history of PHG was 39% with paternal in 262%; maternal in 10%% and both parents in 3%. There was a significant difference between several grey hairs with a family history of PHG P = 0.045. The family history with metabolic disorders; hypertension was 29%, obesity was 25%, and diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 15%. Limitations Owing to the use of questionnaires, the possibility of recall bias exists. The young female was not evaluated in this study. CONCLUSION The family history of PHG and onset of greying are important risk factors associated with PHG of a young adult. Copyright © 2019 Dwi Rita Anggraini, Lita Feriyawati, Hidayat Hidayat, Arlinda Sari Wahyuni.BACKGROUND There are a lot of different types of sunscreen products (oils, sticks, gels, creams, lotions) which can be found on the world’s market. Sunscreen product that contains active chemical ingredients sometimes has harmful effects on the skin. Sunflower oil contains vitamin E and acts as a natural sunscreen which can absorb UVB light. The average droplet size of nanoemulsion is between 100 and 500 nm and do not show the problems of stability (creaming, flocculation, coalescence, and sedimentation), which are commonly associated with macroemulsions. AIM The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the sunflower oil nanoemulsion as a sunscreen. METHODS Sunflower oil nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method with 3 formulas F1 (Tween 80 38%, sorbitol 22%), F2 (Tween 80 36%, sorbitol 24%), F3 (Tween 80 34%, sorbitol 26%) and 5% sunflower oil as a sunscreen substance. The nanoemulsions were evaluated for particle size, physical stability in room temperature (25 ± 2°C), low temperlation could be considered more effective in sunscreen cosmetic use compare to the emulsion. Copyright © 2019 Anayanti Arianto, Cindy Cindy.BACKGROUND Aceh is a tropical region that is very many overgrown by various plants that have medicinal properties; one of them is M. elengi. M. elengi flower extract has the main content of triterpene and alcohol, that have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity. Extraction of chemical compounds containing essential oils generally uses distillation, and get the small amounts of chemical compounds, while the maceration with n-hexane solvent, producing less active nonpolar compounds against S. aureus bacteria. AIM Isolating the methanol extract from M. elengi flowers and test its antibacterial and antifungal activity. Furthermore, extracts with active concentrations are made into a lotion. METHODS Methanol extract from M. elengi flower was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, then tested for antibacterial and antifungal, then made into the lotion. The lotion was tested again for its antimicrobial activity, physical and organoleptic properties. RESULTS The most abundant chemical compounds in an extract of M.