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Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. The mainstay of treatment for endometrial cancer is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Radiation and chemotherapy accompanied with progestins can also play a significant role in treatment. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following therapy for endometrial cancer are an extremely difficult and challenging condition that deteriorates patients’ quality of life. Current literature remains rather scarce regarding LUTS after therapy for endometrial cancer. This review aimed to investigate the incidence of LUTS in endometrial cancer treatment.The idea of utilizing poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) as therapeutics for cancer has grown in popularity since its original approval for clinical usage in treatment of BRCA DNA repair-associated-mutated ovarian cancer. paquinimod supplier In this study, we evaluated experimental data regarding in vitro studies utilizing PARPi as a treatment for tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent leukemia. Studies from 2015 to 2019 were compiled and the ones with most relevant TK pathways and PARP inhibition were analyzed. PARPi showed activity against many leukemia cell lines and samples from patients with primary leukemia, especially when combined with other signaling pathway inhibitor drugs, improving upon the hypothesis that the utilization of PARPi has potential as a new therapeutic approach in treatment of primary leukemia and TK-dependent leukemia.Background/aim Recent studies have demonstrated the inferior overall survival outcomes of patients with early-stage cervical cancer who undergo minimally invasive surgery (MIS). One possible explanation for these unexpected results is intraoperative tumor manipulation. Materials and methods Considering this hypothesis, we have reviewed the literature on the oncological outcomes of patients with villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the cervix, an uncommon variant of cervical cancer that has an excellent prognosis. Results VGA generally presents as an exophytic mass arising from the endocervix. In a systematic review, we identified 221 patients treated surgically for VGA (FIGO stage Ia-Ib1). Of these, 11 developed recurrence, and four died. The recurrence sites in 8 cases were the pelvis (n=3), vaginal cuff (n=3), episiotomy scar (n=1), and cervix (n=1). Furthermore, 23 VGA-patients were treated by MIS, four experienced recurrence, and one died. Three intraabdominal metastases after MIS were reported. Conclusion Excessive tumor-handling during MIS or manipulations, e.g. cervix-dilation (during delivery), can worsen the otherwise excellent prognosis.Over the past few decades, longevity without disease has become an important topic worldwide. However, as life expectancy increases, the number of patients with cancer is also increasing. Tumor progression is related to interactions between tumor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. MSCs are multipotent stromal cells known to be present in a variety of locations in the body, including bones, cartilage, fat, muscles, and dental pulp. MSCs migrate toward inflamed areas during pathological immune responses. MSCs also migrate toward tumor stroma and participate in tumor progression. MSCs can contribute to tumor progression by interacting with tumor cells via paracrine signaling and differentiate into diverse cell types. This also enables MSCs to make direct contact with tumor cells in tumor stroma. Interactions between tumor cells and MSCs enhance tumorigenic and metastatic potential, in addition to stimulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Herein, we reviewed the research associated with the tumor-enhancing role of MSCs in tumor progression, from primary tumor growth to distant tumor metastasis.Perineural invasion (PNI) is detected in 7.0-35.1% of cervical carcinomas. This histological finding correlates with cervical invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), tumor size, positive resection margins, parametrial invasion, node metastases and advanced stage. Some authors have reported that PNI has no prognostic relevance, others have found that PNI is related to disease-free survival or overall survival (OS) at univariate analysis, and others have observed that it is an independent poor prognostic factor for OS. The evaluation of PNI status should be included in the decision-making process for planning adjuvant treatment. PNI has been found in 7.6-52.4% of vulvar carcinomas. This feature, which is strongly associated with depth of invasion, LVSI, tumor size, advanced stage and nodal involvement, is an independent prognostic variable for the risk of recurrence and death in most series. PNI should be evaluated routinely in histopathology reports of vulvar carcinoma and could help clinicians to tailor adjuvant treatment.Biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients usually have poor prognosis. Whereas combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in the frontline setting, second-line treatment is subject to a lot of debate in the scientific community. Recent data of the ABC-06 trial has provided slight evidence for the use of second-line chemotherapy after progression on cisplatin plus gemcitabine combination. In this study, mFOLFOX plus active symptom control (ASC) improved overall survival (OS) after progression on cisplatin-gemcitabine combination compared with ASC alone, with an increase in 6- and 12-month OS rate. Although genomic studies have paved the way for a new age in cancer management, the “Precision Medicine Era” in BTC is still limited to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and primarily focused on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) targeted therapies. We herein review recent published data regarding the use of second-line treatment after failure of standard first-line therapies in BTC patients, with a particular focus on ongoing active and recruiting clinical trials.Introduction Patients with diabetes in China have low health literacy, which likely leads to poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of health literacy and exercise interventions on clinical measurements in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2015 through April 2017 in Shanghai, China. 799 patients with T2DM aged 18 years or older recruited from eight Community Healthcare Centers were randomized into one control arm and three intervention arms receiving 1-year health literacy intervention, exercise intervention or both as the comprehensive intervention. Propensity score matching was employed to minimize potential imbalance in randomization. The intervention-attributable effects on main clinical outcomes were estimated using a difference-in-difference regression approach. Results After propensity score matching, 634 patients were included in the analysis. The three intervention groups had decreased hemoglobin A1c (A1c) level after 12 months of intervention.