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Here we show that male specific sequences in the date palm Y chromosome have likely spread in defined events that appear as blocks of varying density with significant changes in density between them. Collinearity of genes in these blocks with oil palm shows high synteny with chromosome 10 between megabase 15 and 23 and reveals that large sections of the date palm Y chromosome have maintained the ancestral structure even as recombination has stopped between X and Y.Annual and perennial populations commonly occur for the same submerged aquatic angiosperm species, yet relationships between population types and sediment characteristics are poorly understood. In the current study two Ruppia sinensis habitats with annual and perennial populations were surveyed in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Biomass and seasonal seed bank size were used to evaluate population status and potential recruitment capacity. Sediment geochemical parameters including moisture, sulfide, Chl a, carbohydrate, OM, TOC, TN, and TP were measured to compare sediment nutrient composition and variability. check details The results revealed a higher biomass and larger seed bank in the annual R. sinensis population compared with the perennial population. The P levels in sediments between the two R. sinensis populations were similar; while the N level in the sediment of the annual population was significantly higher than the perennial population, which might support the recruitment of vegetative shoots when a large amount of seeds germinated during wet periods. The annual population exhibited greater resilience after habitat desiccation, with the population recovering rapidly once water appeared. The results of this study add to the knowledge of R. sinensis populations and their sediment geochemical characteristics, and can be used as a reference for Ruppia population conservation and management.Unlike quantitative changes, the compositional changes of plant phenolics and changes in their tissue association as influenced by the nutrient supply are less well understood. We evaluated the quantity, composition, and tissue association of phenolics in leaves of two Fragaria ananassa cultivars in response to different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization using global metabolomic approaches. Influence of N supply on phenolic content in both cultivars was similar, but the magnitude of this response was compound specific. Ellagitannins, the most abundant class of phenolic oligomers, were less responsive to the applied N treatments, whereas proanthocyanidins, the less abundant class of phenolic oligomers, exhibited higher fold change. Within mono-phenolics, the hydroxycinnamates were more abundant but showed lower fold change than the hydroxybenzoates. Among flavonoids, the hydroxylated flavonols showed higher abundances than the flavones, with a preferential accumulation of dihydroxylated flavonol at lower N levels. Furthermore, glycosylated flavonols were higher than the acylated forms. The extractable fraction of phenolics was more influenced by the N treatment than the fiber-bound fraction. The extensive compositional modification of phenolics and a greater response of non-bound fractions in response to N rates highlight the potential to use precise management of N supply as an effective strategy to enhance the bioactive compounds in crops.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567406.].Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The abundant cell-free nucleic (DNA/RNA) in SLE patients, especially dsDNA, is a key substance in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN. The deposition of DNA/RNA-immune complexes (DNA/RNA-ICs) in the glomerulus causes a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to resident renal cell disturbance and eventually renal fibrosis. Cell-free DNA/RNA is the most effective inducer of type I interferons (IFN-I). Resident renal cells (rather than infiltrating immune cells) are the main source of IFN-I in the kidney. IFN-I in turn damages resident renal cells. Not only are resident renal cells victims, but also participants in this immunity war. However, the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the pathological mechanism of IFN-I promoting renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. This paper reviews the latest epidemiology of LN and its development process, discusses the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the role of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of LN, and may open a new perspective for the treatment of LN.The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has dramatically changed the landscape of therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, many patients do not benefit from such therapy and prognostic or predictive validated biomarker validated for ICI are still needed to better select and treat patient. Plasmatic soluble immune checkpoints have been described as potential immune biomarkers in hematological malignancies and solids tumors, then, we would like to explore the prognostic value of different soluble immune checkpoints in patients with mRCC treated with nivolumab after TKI. We prospectively collected plasma samples before nivolumab infusion from 38 patients previously treated for mRCC with TKI at Paoli-Calmettes Institute, from the NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study (NCT03013335). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed for soluble forms of PD-1, PD-L1, global BTN3, BTLA, BTN3A1 and BTN2A1. Among the different soluble checkpoints analyzed, only high baseline plasmatic level of BTN2A1 was significantly associated with shorter PFS median PFS was 3.95 months for sBTN2A1high vs 14.30 months for sBTN2A1low (sBTN2A1 cut-off 6.7ng/mL; HR = 2.26, 95%CI [0.68 – 4.60], p = 0.0307). There was no statistical difference in OS between sBTN2A1high and sBTN2A1low. Our results suggest that the baseline level of plasmatic BTN2A1 could be an independent prognosis factor of PFS after nivolumab for pre-treated patient with mRCC. However, these results need to be validated in a larger prospective cohort and the biological role of BTN subfamily and γδ T cell immunity in mRCC must be elucidated.