Activity

Since CHL has been used in clinics for many years with excellent safety, it has the potential to be further developed into a prophylactic or therapeutic to prevent or treat HFMD caused by EV-A71 or CV-A16 infection.We present a transient absorption setup combining broadband detection over the visible-UV range with high temporal resolution (~20fs) which is ideally suited to trigger and detect vibrational coherences in different classes of materials. We generate and detect coherent phonons (CPs) in single layer (1L) MoS2, as a representative semiconducting 1L-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), where the confined dynamical interaction between excitons and phonons is unexplored. The coherent oscillatory motion of the out-of-plane A’1 phonons, triggered by the ultrashort laser pulses, dynamically modulates the excitonic resonances on a timescale of few tens fs. We observe an enhancement by almost two orders of magnitude of the CP amplitude when detected in resonance with the C exciton peak, combined with a resonant enhancement of CP generation efficiency. Ab initio calculations of the change in 1L-MoS2 band structure induced by the A’1 phonon displacement confirm a strong coupling with the C exciton. The resonant behaviour of the CP amplitude follows the same spectral profile of the calculated Raman susceptibility tensor. This demonstrates that CP excitation in 1L-MoS2 can be described as a Raman-like scattering process. These results explain the CP generation process in 1L-TMDs, paving the way for coherent all-optical control of excitons in layered materials in the THz frequency range.The development of a flexible electronic skin (e-skin) highly sensitive to multimodal vibrations and a specialized sensing ability is of great interest for a plethora of applications, such as tactile sensors for robots, seismology, healthcare, and wearable electronics. Here, we present an e-skin design characterized by a bioinspired, microhexagonal structure coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using an ultrasonic spray method. We have demonstrated the outstanding performances of the device in terms of the capability to detect both static and dynamic mechanical stimuli including pressure, shear displacement, and bending using the principles of piezoresistivity. Because of the hexagonal microcolumnar array, whose contact area changes according to the mechanical stimuli applied, the interlock-optimized geometry shows an enhanced sensitivity. This produces an improved ability to discriminate the different mechanical stimuli that might be applied. Moreover, we show that our e-skins can detect, discriminate, and monitor various intensities of different external and internal vibrations, which is a useful asset for various applications, such as seismology, smart phones, wearable human skins (voice monitoring), etc.The health impact of environmental pollution involving an increase in human diseases has been subject to extensive study in recent decades. The methodology in biomimetic investigation of these pathophysiologic events is still in progress to uncover the gaps in knowledge associated with pollution and its influences on health. Herein, we describe a comprehensive evaluation of environmental pollutant-caused lung inflammation and injury using a microfluidic pulmonary alveolus platform with alveolar-capillary interfaces. We performed a microfluidic three-dimensional coculture with physiological microenvironment simulation at microscale control and demonstrated a reliable reconstruction of tissue layers including alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium with typical mechanical, structural, and junctional integrity, as well as viability. On-chip detection and analysis of pulmonary alveolus responses focusing on various inflammatory and injurious dynamics to the respective pollutant stimulations were achieved in the coculture-based microfluidic pulmonary alveolus model, in comparison with common on-chip monoculture and off-chip culture tools. We confirmed the synergistic effects of the epithelial and endothelial interfaces on the stimuli resistance and verified the importance of creating complex tissue microenvironments in vitro to explore pollution-involved human pathology. We believe the microfluidic approach presents great promise in environmental monitoring, drug discovery, and tissue engineering.Inspired by the self-assembly phenomena in nature, the instructed self-assembly of exogenous small molecules in a biological environment has become a prevalent process to control cell fate. DFOM datasheet Despite mounting examples of versatile bioactivities, the underlying mechanism remains less understood, which is in large hindered by the difficulties in the identification of those dynamic assemblies in situ. Here, with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we are able to elucidate the dynamic morphology transformation of the enzyme-instructed supramolecular assemblies in situ inside cancer cells with a resolution below 50 nm. It indicates that the assembling molecules endure drastically different pathways between cell lines with different phosphatase activities and distribution. In HeLa cells, the direct formation of intracellular supramolecular nanofibers showed slight cytotoxicity, which was due to the possible cellular secretory pathway to excrete those exogenous molecules assemblies. In contrast, in Saos-2 cells with active phosphatase on the cell surface, assemblies with granular morphology first formed on the cell membranes, followed by a transformation into nanofibers and accumulation in cells, which induced Saos-2 cell death eventually. Overall, we provided a convenient method to reveal the in situ dynamic nanomorphology transformation of the supramolecular assemblies in a biological environment, in order to decipher their diverse biological activities.The predictive models that describe the fate and transport of radioactive materials in the atmosphere following a nuclear incident (explosion or reactor accident) assume that uranium-bearing particulates would attain chemical equilibrium during vapor condensation. In this study, we show that kinetically driven processes in a system of rapidly decreasing temperature can result in substantial deviations from chemical equilibrium. This can cause uranium to condense out in oxidation states (e.g., UO3 vs UO2) that have different vapor pressures, significantly affecting uranium transport. To demonstrate this, we synthesized uranium oxide nanoparticles using a flow reactor under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration. The atomized chemical reactants passing through an inductively coupled plasma cool from ∼5000 to 1000 K within milliseconds and form nanoparticles inside a flow reactor. The ex situ analysis of particulates by transmission electron microscopy revealed 2-10 nm crystallites of fcc-UO2 or α-UO3 depending on the amount of oxygen in the system.