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Results regarding self-reference supported results of previous studies indicating larger mean amplitudes in self-related conditions. Findings suggest a general heightened initial responsiveness to emotional cues and a sustained emotion processing of socially threatening information in depressive patients.Selective attention is a key mechanism to monitor conflict-related processing and behaviour, by amplifying task-relevant processing and inhibiting task-irrelevant information. Conflict monitoring and resolution is typically associated with brain oscillatory power increase in the theta frequency range (3-8 Hz), as indexed by increased midfrontal theta power. We expand previous findings of theta power increase related to conflict processing and distractor inhibition by considering attentional target amplification to be represented in theta frequency as well. The present study (N = 41) examined EEG oscillatory activities associated with stimulus and response conflict in a lateralized flanker task. Depending on the perceptual (in)congruency and response (in)compatibility of distractor-target associations, resulting stimulus and response conflicts were examined in behavioural and electrophysiological data analyses. Both response and stimulus conflict emerged in RT analysis. Regarding EEG data, response-locked cluster analysis showed an increase of midfrontal theta power related to response conflict. In addition, stimulus-locked cluster analysis revealed early clusters with increased parietal theta power for nonconflicting compared to conflicting trials, followed by increased midfrontal theta power for both stimulus and response conflict. Our results suggest that conflict resolution in the flanker task relies on a combination of target amplification, depicted by parietal theta power increase, and distractor inhibition, indexed by midfrontal theta power increase, for both stimulus and response conflicts. Attentional amplification of sensory target features is discussed with regard to a domain-general conflict monitoring account.Research on global environmental change has transformed the way that we think about human-environment relationships and Earth system processes. The four Ambio articles highlighted in this 50th Anniversary Issue have influenced the cultural narrative on environmental change, highlighting concepts such as “resilience,” “coupled human and natural systems”, and the “Anthropocene.” In this peer response, I argue that global change research is still paying insufficient attention to how to deliberately transform systems and cultures to avoid the risks that science itself has warned us about. In particular, global change research has failed to adequately integrate the subjective realm of meaning making into both understanding and action. Although this has been an implicit subtext in global change research, it is time to fully integrate research from the social sciences and environmental humanities.Publishing in Ambio and elsewhere, geoscientists distributed across several disciplines have both created and substantiated the Anthropocene concept since the turn of the millennium. Epochal and topically encompassing, the concept has served to focus academic and political attention on the extraordinary scale, scope and magnitude of the human impact on the Earth. The concept serves as a metaphorical ‘roof’ that allows a family of geoscientific terms to reside together harmoniously in the same space. The four Ambio papers evaluated here helped to both build the roof and the family. However, for all their merits, the papers form part of a wider scientific discourse that threatens to colonise the imagination of Earth present and future. A scientific framing of the Anthropocene needs to be deframed and then reframed in terms of what science misses (e.g. diverse social values, needs and wants, which imply alternate courses of possible future action). The papers assessed in this commentary have, albeit unintentionally, helped inspire this de- and reframing in wider social science, the humanities and the arts. Looking ahead, dissonant forms of knowledge and argument about Earth present and future will be key to forging a ‘good Anthropocene’. In future, Ambio can help to foster this productive dissonance by loosening its own intellectual parameters while maintaining its high standards of scholarship.

Challenging development tasks, problematic social environments and psychiatric disorder can result in crisis leading to an emergency consultation at child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). PLX51107 cost The study aims to describe arepresentative clinical sample of patients seeking help at an acute CAP outpatient clinic.

Data from the initial assessment tool for CAP and data gained from the hospital IT-System were analyzed. The study site is the only hospital in the country of Salzburg in Austria with aspecialized emergency unit for CAP patients.

Out of the 257patients, 53.7% were female. Boys significantly more often presented with externalizing symptoms and because of external factors. Girls significantly more often reported the presence of suicidal thoughts. Symptoms that led to consultation often were present for more than aweek prior to consultation, in some cases even longer than 6months. 51% of the children and adolescents were treated at the inpatient unit, 43% at the closed unit, where they stayed for amean of 3nights.

Many patients, who attended the child and adolescentpsychiatry emergency showed along duration of presenting symptoms. Suicidal tendency was acommon reason for consultation and often led to aclosed inpatient treatment. Developing concepts for acute situations-like primary, secondary and tertiary suicide prevention-as well as improving the easier access to child and adolescent psychiatric servicesseems necessary.

Many patients, who attended the child and adolescent psychiatry emergency showed a long duration of presenting symptoms. Suicidal tendency was a common reason for consultation and often led to a closed inpatient treatment. Developing concepts for acute situations-like primary, secondary and tertiary suicide prevention-as well as improving the easier access to child and adolescent psychiatric services seems necessary.